Phellinotus piptadeniae is associated with several hosts and presents a continental and disjunct geographic distribution, whose populations occur in both dry and wet forests of South America. To understand the distribution of P. piptadeniae, we explored the prior knowledge of its host geography to predict potential distribution of the fungus and discuss aspects of its geography. Based on records from public herbarium data of Piptadenia gonoacantha, the main host of P. piptadeniae, we confirmed its occurrence in four Brazilian states with no previous records. Also, the analysis of herbarium specimens from Brazil and Argentina revealed the presence of P. piptadeniae in one additional Brazilian state and its first record in Argentina. Our study showed the importance of using prior information of host distribution to clarify the P. piptadeniae distribution pattern. The most representative host of the fungus was Pip. gonoacantha (1117 records). Further, a high environmental concordance between P. piptadeniae and a contemporary Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest distribution map (~76% of the records) was observed. We discuss the current distribution pattern of P. piptadeniae, present evidence for Caatinga as an ancestral area of the Phellinotus lineage and the Vanishing refuge model as the probable process that shapes the natural history of the species.

南方楠（Phellinotus piptadeniae）与多个寄主相关，并呈现出大陆性和分散的地理分布，其种群分布在南美的干湿森林中。为了了解P. piptadeniae的分布，我们探索了其宿主地理的先验知识，以预测真菌的潜在分布并讨论其地理方面。基于从公共植物标本馆数据记录Piptadenia gonoacantha，主要主机P. piptadeniae，我们确认了其在四名巴西国家出现以前没有记录。此外，对来自巴西和阿根廷的植物标本室标本的分析显示，存在P. piptadeniae在巴西的另外一个州，并在阿根廷创下了第一个记录。我们的研究表明了使用宿主分布的先验信息来阐明皮氏疟原虫分布模式的重要性。真菌的最具代表性的宿主是Pip。gonoacantha（1117条记录）。此外，观察到斑节对虾与当代季节性干燥热带森林分布图（约占记录的76％）之间的环境一致性很高。我们讨论了P. piptadeniae的当前分布模式，为Caatinga作为Phellinotus世系的祖先区域提供了证据，而消失的避难所模型则是塑造该物种自然历史的可能过程。