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Seismic and geodetic progression of the 2018 summit caldera collapse of Kīlauea volcano
Earth and Planetary Science Letters ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116250
Gabrielle Tepp , Alicia Hotovec-Ellis , Brian Shiro , Ingrid Johanson , Weston Thelen , Matthew M. Haney

Abstract The 2018 eruption of Kīlauea volcano, Hawai'i, resulted in a major collapse of the summit caldera along with an effusive eruption in the lower East Rift Zone. The caldera collapse comprised 62 highly similar collapse cycles of strong ground deformation and earthquake swarms that ended with a magnitude 5 collapse event and one partial cycle that did not end with a collapse event. We analyzed geodetic and seismic data to better understand how the caldera collapse progressed over 3 months of activity, focusing on the cyclical activity. We identified 3 main phases of collapse: initial ring-fault activation and small explosions (Phase 1), an eastward shift in activity and freeing of the central piston (Phase 2), and a recoupling of the piston to the reservoir followed by relatively steady behavior until the eruption's end (Phase 3). Additionally, we observed geodetic evidence of tangential motion from the localization of the main ring fault (Phase 2) and the formation of a major peripheral ring fault on the eastern side of the collapse caldera during Phase 3. Both geodetic and seismic parameters suggest that the collapse may have had an eastward-component of motion after the ring fault system had formed. The cyclical seismic and geodetic parameters show no obvious signs that the collapse was coming to an end, with the only notable change being a significant increase in the ratio of cyclical displacement to co-collapse displacement observed during the last complete cycle on GNSS stations outside the caldera region.

中文翻译:

2018 年基拉韦厄火山山顶火山口坍塌的地震和大地测量进展

摘要 2018 年夏威夷基拉韦厄火山的喷发导致山顶火山口发生重大坍塌,并在东裂谷下部发生喷发。火山口倒塌包括 62 个高度相似的强烈地面变形和地震群倒塌周期,以 5 级倒塌事件结束,还有一个未以倒塌事件结束的部分周期。我们分析了大地测量和地震数据,以更好地了解火山口坍塌在 3 个月的活动中是如何进展的,重点是周期性活动。我们确定了崩溃的 3 个主要阶段:初始环形断层激活和小爆炸(阶段 1)、活动向东移动和中心活塞释放(阶段 2)以及活塞与储层的重新耦合,随后相对稳定直到喷发结束(第 3 阶段)。此外,我们从主环断层(第 2 阶段)的定位和第 3 阶段塌陷火山口东侧主要外围环断层的形成观察到了切向运动的大地测量证据。大地测量和地震参数表明在环形断层系统形成后,坍塌可能具有向东的运动分量。周期性地震和大地测量参数没有显示塌陷即将结束的明显迹象,唯一显着的变化是在最后一个完整周期内在 GNSS 站外观测到的周期性位移与共塌陷位移之比显着增加。火山口地区。我们从主环断层(第 2 阶段)的定位和第 3 阶段塌陷火山口东侧主要外围环断层的形成观察到了切向运动的大地测量证据。大地测量和地震参数都表明塌陷可能是在环状断层系统形成后,有一个向东的运动分量。周期性地震和大地测量参数没有显示塌陷即将结束的明显迹象,唯一显着的变化是在最后一个完整周期内在 GNSS 站外观测到的周期性位移与共塌陷位移之比显着增加。火山口地区。我们从主环断层(第 2 阶段)的定位和第 3 阶段塌陷火山口东侧主要外围环断层的形成观察到切向运动的大地测量证据。大地测量和地震参数都表明塌陷可能是在环状断层系统形成后,有一个向东的运动分量。周期性地震和大地测量参数没有显示塌陷即将结束的明显迹象,唯一显着的变化是在最后一个完整周期内在 GNSS 站外观测到的周期性位移与共塌陷位移之比显着增加。火山口地区。大地测量和地震参数都表明,在环形断层系统形成后,坍塌可能具有向东的运动分量。周期性地震和大地测量参数没有显示塌陷即将结束的明显迹象,唯一显着的变化是在最后一个完整周期内在 GNSS 站外观测到的周期性位移与共塌陷位移之比显着增加。火山口地区。大地测量和地震参数都表明,在环形断层系统形成后,坍塌可能具有向东的运动分量。周期性地震和大地测量参数没有显示塌陷即将结束的明显迹象,唯一显着的变化是在最后一个完整周期内在 GNSS 站外观测到的周期性位移与共塌陷位移之比显着增加。火山口地区。
更新日期:2020-06-01
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