Phylogenetic relationships of a new genus and species of stevardiine fish (Characiformes: Characidae: Stevardiinae) from the Río Amazonas basin, Peru,Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research

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Phylogenetic relationships of a new genus and species of stevardiine fish (Characiformes: Characidae: Stevardiinae) from the Río Amazonas basin, Peru
Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-28 , DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12346
James A. Vanegas‐Ríos ₁ , Dario R. Faustino‐Fuster _{2,

3} , Vanessa Meza‐Vargas _{2,

4} , Hernán Ortega ₂

Affiliation

Varicharax nigrolineatus, a new genus and species of stevardiine fish, is described from the Río Amazonas basin, Peru, based on a comprehensive phylogenetic comparison with other characids. Two data sets (A: combined morphological and molecular matrix, 474 species and 6,653 characters; B: morphological matrix, 216 species and 524 characters) were used to estimate the phylogenetic relationships of the new genus. Morphological and molecular data from these data sets were taken from two previously published matrices on characids. Varicharax nigrolineatus is phylogenetically diagnosed by 18 autapomorphies in total (from both data sets), which are related to different anatomical characteristics of the neurocranium, body, and fins. Furthermore, V. nigrolineatus can be easily differentiated from all characids (except Acrobrycon in part) by the following combination of characters: the presence of a hypertrophied caudal‐fin squamation on the lower caudal‐fin lobe forming a remarkable pouch‐like structure, consisting of multiple series of large adjacent scales (being almost similar or slightly more pronounced in males than in females), the presence of caudal‐fin bony hooks on the lower lobe in adult males, complete lateral line, and a dark mid‐lateral stripe that extends from the posterior border of the head to caudal peduncle. In the resulting topologies from both data sets, the phylogenetic placement of V. nigrolineatus was well supported within Stevardiinae. Additionally, V. nigrolineatus was resolved within the tribe Stevardiini as sister group of a clade formed by Chrysobrycon + Pseudocorynopoma and Corynopoma + Gephyrocharax in the final hypothesis from the combined data set, whereas in the final topology from the morphological data set, V. nigrolineatus was placed as sister group of a clade comprised of Acrobrycon and the Stevardiini without Argopleura.

中文翻译：

秘鲁里奥亚马逊河盆地的一种新的Stevardiine鱼（Characiformes：Characidae：Stevardiinae）的属与种的亲缘关系

根据与其他酸的全面系统发育比较，描述了秘鲁里马斯亚马逊河流域的一种新的变种鱼类Stevardiine鱼Varicharax nigrolineatus。使用两个数据集（A：形态和分子组合矩阵，474种和6,653个字符； B：形态矩阵，216种和524个字符）来估计新属的系统发育关系。这些数据集中的形态学和分子数据取自先前发表的关于酸的两个矩阵。总共有18种自体形态（来自两个数据集）在系统发育上诊断了Varicharax nigrolineatus，这与神经颅骨，身体和鳍的不同解剖特征有关。此外，黑线虫可以容易地从（除了所有characids分化Acrobrycon一个肥大尾翅squamation的在下部尾翅叶存在下形成一个袋状显着的结构，包括多个系列的大：部分地）由字符的下列组合相邻的鳞片（男性比女性几乎相似或稍明显），成年男性下叶存在尾鳍骨钩，完整的侧线，以及从后边界延伸的深色中外侧条纹头到尾柄。在从两个数据集所得到的拓扑结构中，亲缘放置V. nigrolineatus内Stevardiinae被很好地支持。此外，黑潮菌在组合数据集的最终假设中，由Stewardiini部落解决了由Chrysobrycon + Pseudocorynopoma和Corynopoma + Gephyrocharax形成的进化枝的姐妹群，而在形态数据集的最终拓扑中，V。nigrolineatus被作为姐妹群由Acrobrycon和Stevardiini组成的进化枝，没有Argopleura。

更新日期：2020-01-28

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