Transmission of gastrointestinal bacteria, Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp., from wild birds may have serious consequences for human health and poultry industry. Despite this, our knowledge on the distribution of these bacteria in wild avian populations is limited. Since both genera markedly differ in their pathogenicity in wild birds (Campylobacter is largely non‐pathogenic, while Salmonella is a major pathogen), I expected that their occurrence and modes of transmission can be associated with different ecological and life‐history traits of their avian hosts. To test this hypothesis, I retrieved nearly 700 estimates of Campylobacter and Salmonella prevalences in 200 avian species and implemented phylogenetically‐informed comparative analysis to examine variation in their prevalence. Campylobacter had wider phylogenetic distribution and higher average prevalence in birds than Salmonella. Campylobacter prevalence showed strong associations with basic life‐history components of birds (body mass, development rate and longevity), while Salmonella prevalence was primarily determined by ecological traits (sociality and urbanization). The results also provided support for biogeographical differences and contrasting temporal trends in the occurrence of these bacteria in birds. The study helps to explain the patterns of Campylobacter and Salmonella distribution in wild bird populations from a broad phylogenetic perspective and it might be helpful to establish successful policies aiming to reduce a negative impact of these bacteria on both human health and poultry industry.

中文翻译：

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野生鸟类中弯曲杆菌和沙门氏菌分布的对比模式：比较分析

传播胃肠道细菌，弯曲杆菌属。野生鸟类的沙门氏菌和沙门氏菌可能会对人类健康和家禽业造成严重后果。尽管如此，我们对这些细菌在野生鸟类种群中的分布的了解仍然有限。由于这两个属在野生鸟类中的致病性都明显不同（弯曲杆菌在很大程度上是非致病性的，而沙门氏菌是主要致病菌），所以我预计它们的发生和传播方式可能与其禽的不同生态和生活史特征有关主机。为了检验这个假设，我检索了将近700个弯曲杆菌和沙门氏菌的估计值对200种鸟类的流行情况进行了分析，并进行了系统发育信息比较分析，以检查其流行程度的变化。与沙门氏菌相比，弯曲杆菌在鸟类的系统发育分布范围更广，平均患病率高。弯曲杆菌的流行与鸟类的基本生活史成分（体重，发育速度和寿命）密切相关，而沙门氏菌的流行主要取决于生态特征（社会性和城市化程度）。这些结果也为鸟类在生物地理学上的差异和这些细菌发生时的趋势对比提供了支持。该研究有助于解释弯曲杆菌和从广泛的系统发育角度来看，沙门氏菌在野生鸟类种群中的分布，可能有助于制定成功的政策，以减少这些细菌对人类健康和家禽业的负面影响。