A pioneer comprehensive study of several diminutive last-generation woolly mammoth teeth (M3) found on the coast of the East Siberian Sea between the mouths of the Alazeya and Malaya Kuropatoch'ya rivers was conducted. Two teeth belonged to one individual. These teeth have a similar lamellar frequency and enamel thickness as teeth of Mammuthus primigenius Blumenbach. The molar crowns from the lower Alazeya region are similar in size to those of the small Late Pleistocene?Holocene mammoths from Wrangel Island. However, the number of plates (17?19, excluding talons) is much lower than that in the teeth of typical Late Pleistocene M. primigenius (23?25). The age data of the examined teeth are beyond the limits of the 14C dating method (>45 000 years BP). Nevertheless, palaeobotanical data allow correlation of the enclosing sediments with the warm Kazantsevo Interglacial (Eemian, MIS 5e) and reconstruction of the average annual temperature, which was warmer than present-day temperatures. These conditions are confirmed by the δ18O isotopes from the structurally bound carbonate in tooth enamel. The ancient landscape was wetter and more forested than modern landscapes. The diminution of M3 size and loss of posterior plates were a result of the overall decrease in body size, likely in response to landscape change and narrowing of resource space. Mammoths from the lower Alazeya region demonstrate a stage of significant size reduction, although the dwarfing was not finalized. Their teeth are the oldest amongst the small teeth found in west Beringia.

中文翻译：

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来自俄罗斯大陆东西伯利亚海沿岸的“半矮”猛犸象

对在东西伯利亚海沿岸的阿拉泽亚河和马来亚 Kuropatoch'ya 河口之间发现的几颗小型上一代猛犸象牙齿 (M3) 进行了开创性的综合研究。两颗牙齿属于一个人。这些牙齿与 Mammuthus primigenius Blumenbach 的牙齿具有相似的层状频率和牙釉质厚度。来自较低阿拉泽亚地区的臼齿冠的大小与来自弗兰格尔岛的小型晚更新世 - 全新世猛犸象的相似。然而，板的数量（17-19，不包括爪）远低于典型的晚更新世M. primigenius（23-25）的牙齿。检查牙齿的年龄数据超出了 14C 测年方法的限制（> 45 000 年 BP）。尽管如此，古植物学数据允许将封闭沉积物与温暖的 Kazantsevo 间冰期 (Eemian, MIS 5e) 相关联，并重建年平均温度，该温度高于当前温度。这些条件由来自牙釉质中结构结合碳酸盐的 δ18O 同位素证实。古代景观比现代景观更潮湿，森林更多。M3 尺寸的减小和后板的丢失是体型整体减小的结果，可能是对景观变化和资源空间变窄的反应。来自阿拉泽亚下游地区的猛犸象表现出显着缩小的阶段，尽管矮化尚未最终确定。它们的牙齿是在西白令基群岛发现的小牙齿中最古老的。MIS 5e) 和年平均气温的重建，比现在的温度要高。这些条件由来自牙釉质中结构结合碳酸盐的 δ18O 同位素证实。古代景观比现代景观更潮湿，森林更多。M3 尺寸的减小和后板的丢失是体型整体减小的结果，可能是对景观变化和资源空间变窄的反应。来自阿拉泽亚下游地区的猛犸象表现出显着缩小的阶段，尽管矮化尚未最终确定。它们的牙齿是在西白令基群岛发现的小牙齿中最古老的。MIS 5e) 和年平均气温的重建，比现在的温度要高。这些条件由来自牙釉质中结构结合碳酸盐的 δ18O 同位素证实。古代景观比现代景观更潮湿，森林更多。M3 尺寸的减小和后板的丢失是体型整体减小的结果，可能是对景观变化和资源空间变窄的反应。来自阿拉泽亚下游地区的猛犸象表现出显着缩小的阶段，尽管矮化尚未最终确定。它们的牙齿是在西白令基群岛发现的小牙齿中最古老的。古代景观比现代景观更潮湿，森林更多。M3 尺寸的减小和后板的丢失是体型整体减小的结果，可能是对景观变化和资源空间变窄的反应。来自阿拉泽亚下游地区的猛犸象表现出显着缩小的阶段，尽管矮化尚未最终确定。它们的牙齿是在西白令基群岛发现的小牙齿中最古老的。古代景观比现代景观更潮湿，森林更多。M3 尺寸的减小和后板的丢失是体型整体减小的结果，可能是对景观变化和资源空间变窄的反应。来自阿拉泽亚下游地区的猛犸象表现出显着缩小的阶段，尽管矮化尚未最终确定。它们的牙齿是在西白令基群岛发现的小牙齿中最古老的。