PROBLEM Pregnant women are at increased risk of HIV acquisition, but the biological mechanisms contributing to this observation are not well understood. METHOD OF STUDY Here, we assessed host immune and microbiome differences in the vaginal mucosa of healthy pregnant and non-pregnant women using a metaproteomics approach. Cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples were collected from 23 pregnant and 25 non-pregnant women. RESULTS Mass spectrometry analysis of CVL identified 550 human proteins and 376 bacterial proteins from 11 genera. Host proteome analysis indicated 56 human proteins (10%) were differentially abundant (P < .05) between pregnant and non-pregnant women, including proteins involved in angiogenesis (P = 3.36E-3), cell movement of phagocytes (P = 1.34E-6), and permeability of blood vessels (P = 1.27E-4). The major bacterial genera identified were Lactobacillus, Gardnerella, Prevotella, Megasphaera, and Atopobium. Pregnant women had higher levels of Lactobacillus species (P = .017) compared with non-pregnant women. Functional pathway analysis indicated that pregnancy associated with changes to bacterial metabolic pathway involved in energy metabolism, which were increased in pregnant women (P = .035). CONCLUSION Overall, pregnant women showed differences in the cervicovaginal proteome and microbiome that may be important for HIV infection risk.

中文翻译：

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怀孕与阴道粘膜宿主和微生物蛋白质组的改变有关。

问题孕妇感染艾滋病毒的风险增加，但是促成这种观察的生物学机制尚不十分清楚。研究方法在这里，我们使用元蛋白质组学方法评估了健康孕妇和非孕妇阴道黏膜中宿主免疫和微生物组的差异。从23名孕妇和25名非孕妇中收集宫颈阴道灌洗液（CVL）样本。结果CVL的质谱分析鉴定了11个属的550种人类蛋白和376种细菌蛋白。宿主蛋白质组分析表明，孕妇和非孕妇中56种人类蛋白质（占10％）差异显着（P <.05），包括与血管生成有关的蛋白质（P = 3.36E-3），吞噬细胞的细胞运动（P = 1.34）。 E-6）和血管通透性（P = 1.27E-4）。鉴定出的主要细菌属是乳杆菌，加德纳菌，普雷沃特菌，巨球藻和异养杆菌。与非孕妇相比，孕妇的乳酸菌水平更高（P = .017）。功能途径分析表明，怀孕与能量代谢所涉及的细菌代谢途径的改变有关，而孕妇的这种代谢增加（P = .035）。结论总体而言，孕妇的宫颈阴道蛋白质组和微生物组差异可能对HIV感染风险很重要。功能途径分析表明，怀孕与能量代谢所涉及的细菌代谢途径的改变有关，而孕妇的这种代谢增加（P = .035）。结论总体而言，孕妇的宫颈阴道蛋白质组和微生物组存在差异，这可能对HIV感染风险很重要。功能途径分析表明，怀孕与能量代谢所涉及的细菌代谢途径的改变有关，而孕妇的这种代谢增加（P = .035）。结论总体而言，孕妇的宫颈阴道蛋白质组和微生物组差异可能对HIV感染风险很重要。