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Alpine Hydrogeology: The Critical Role of Groundwater in Sourcing the Headwaters of the World
Ground Water ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-19 , DOI: 10.1111/gwat.12965
Masaki Hayashi 1
Affiliation  

Groundwater discharge in alpine headwaters sustains baseflow in rivers originating in mountain ranges of the world, which is critically important for aquatic habitats, run‐of‐river hydropower generation, and downstream water supply. Groundwater storage in alpine watersheds was long considered negligible, but recent field‐based studies have shown that aquifers are ubiquitous in the alpine zone with no soil and vegetation. Talus, moraine, and rock glacier aquifers are common in many alpine regions of the world, although bedrock aquifers occur in some geological settings. Alpine aquifers consisting of coarse sediments have a fast recession of discharge after the recharge season (e.g., snowmelt) or rainfall events, followed by a slow recession that sustains discharge over a long period. The two‐phase recession is likely controlled by the internal structure of the aquifers. Spatial extent and distribution of individual aquifers determine the groundwater storage‐discharge characteristics in first‐ and second‐order watersheds in the alpine zone, which in turn govern baseflow characteristics in major rivers. Similar alpine landforms appear to have similar hydrogeological characteristics in many mountain ranges across the world, suggesting that a common conceptual framework can be used to understand alpine aquifers based on geological and geomorphological settings. Such a framework will be useful for parameterizing storage‐discharge characteristics in large river hydrological models.

中文翻译:

高山水文地质:地下水在寻找世界源头方面的关键作用

高山源头的地下水排放维持着源自世界山脉的河流的基流,这对于水生生境,河流上游水力发电和下游供水至关重要。长期以来,人们一直认为高山流域的地下水储量可以忽略不计,但最近的实地研究表明,在高山带无土壤和植被的地区,含水层无处不在。距骨,冰occur和岩石冰川含水层在世界上许多高山地区都很常见,尽管基岩含水层发生在某些地质环境中。在补给季节(例如融雪)或降雨事件之后,由粗大沉积物组成的高山含水层的排水量会快速下降,随后缓慢下降,这会长期维持排水量。两阶段的衰退很可能由含水层的内部结构控制。单个含水层的空间范围和分布决定了高寒区一,二阶流域的地下水蓄水特征,进而决定了主要河流的底流特征。在全球许多山脉中,相似的高山地貌似乎具有相似的水文地质特征,这表明可以使用一个通用的概念框架来根据地质和地貌环境来理解高山含水层。这样的框架对于参数化大型河流水文模型中的蓄水特征很有帮助。单个含水层的空间范围和分布决定了高寒区一,二阶流域的地下水蓄水特征,进而决定了主要河流的底流特征。在全球许多山脉中,相似的高山地貌似乎具有相似的水文地质特征,这表明可以使用一个通用的概念框架来根据地质和地貌环境来理解高山含水层。这样的框架对于参数化大型河流水文模型中的蓄水特征很有帮助。单个含水层的空间范围和分布决定了高寒区一,二阶流域的地下水蓄水特征,进而决定了主要河流的底流特征。在全球许多山脉中,相似的高山地貌似乎具有相似的水文地质特征,这表明可以使用一个通用的概念框架来根据地质和地貌环境来理解高山含水层。这样的框架对于参数化大型河流水文模型中的蓄水特征很有帮助。这表明可以使用一个通用的概念框架来根据地质和地貌学背景来了解高山含水层。这样的框架对于参数化大型河流水文模型中的蓄水特征很有帮助。这表明可以使用一个通用的概念框架来根据地质和地貌学背景来了解高山含水层。这样的框架对于参数化大型河流水文模型中的蓄水特征很有帮助。
更新日期:2019-12-19
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