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A Simple Method for Simulating Groundwater Interactions with Fens to Forecast Development Effects
Ground Water ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2019-08-20 , DOI: 10.1111/gwat.12931
Daniel T. Feinstein 1 , David J. Hart , Sarah Gatzke 2 , Randall J. Hunt 3 , Richard G. Niswonger 4 , Michael N. Fienen 3
Affiliation  

Protection of fens–wetlands dependent on groundwater discharge–requires characterization of groundwater sources and stresses. Because instrumentation and numerical modeling of fens is labor intensive, easy‐to‐apply methods that model fen distribution and their vulnerability to development are desirable. Here we demonstrate that fen areas can be simulated using existing steady‐state MODFLOW models when the unsaturated zone flow (UZF) package is included. In cells where the water table is near land surface, the UZF package calculates a head difference and scaled conductance at these “seepage drain” cells to generate average rates of vertical seepage to the land. This formulation, which represents an alternative to blanketing the MODFLOW domain with drains, requires very little input from the user because unsaturated flow‐routing is inactive and results are primarily driven by easily obtained topographic information. Like the drain approach, it has the advantage that the distribution of seepage areas is not predetermined by the modeler, but rather emerges from simulated heads. Beyond the drain approach, it takes account of intracell land surface variation to explicitly quantify multiple surficial flows corresponding to infiltration, rejected recharge, recharge and land‐surface seepage. Application of the method to a basin in southeastern Wisconsin demonstrates how it can be used as a decision‐support tool to first, reproduce fen distribution and, second, forecast drawdown and reduced seepage at fens in response to shallow pumping.

中文翻译:

模拟地下水与相互作用的简单方法以预测开发效果

保护fens(取决于地下水排放的湿地)需要表征地下水源和压力。由于的测量和数值建模是劳动密集型的,因此需要一种易于应用的方法来模拟的分布及其对开发的脆弱性。在这里,我们证明了当包含非饱和区流量(UZF)包时,可以使用现有的稳态MODFLOW模型来模拟分水岭区域。在地下水位靠近陆地表面的单元中,UZF程序包计算这些“渗漏”单元的水头差和比例电导,以生成平均垂直渗入土地的速率。此公式代表用漏极覆盖MODFLOW域的替代方法,不需要用户的任何输入,因为非饱和流路由无效,并且结果主要由容易获得的地形信息驱动。像排水方法一样,它的优点是,渗流面积的分布不是由建模者预先确定的,而是由模拟水头产生的。除排水方法外,它还考虑了细胞内陆地表面的变化,以明确地量化与渗透,拒绝补给,补给和地表渗漏相对应的多个表面流。该方法在威斯康星州东南部盆地的应用证明了如何将其用作决策支持工具,首先,再现分布,其次,预测浅水抽水对fen点的压降和渗透率降低。像排水方法一样,它的优点是,渗流面积的分布不是由建模者预先确定的,而是由模拟水头产生的。除排水方法外,它还考虑了细胞内陆地表面的变化,以明确地量化与渗透,拒绝补给,补给和地表渗漏相对应的多个表面流。该方法在威斯康星州东南部盆地的应用表明,如何将其用作决策支持工具,以首先再现分的分布,其次可以预测抽水量并减少对浅层抽水的处的渗流。像排水方法一样,它的优点是,渗流面积的分布不是由建模者预先确定的,而是由模拟水头产生的。除排水方法外,它还考虑了细胞内陆地表面的变化,以明确地量化与渗透,拒绝补给,补给和地表渗漏相对应的多个表面流。该方法在威斯康星州东南部盆地的应用证明了如何将其用作决策支持工具,首先,再现分布,其次,预测浅水抽水对fen点的压降和渗透率降低。它考虑了细胞内陆地表面的变化,以明确量化与渗透,拒绝补给,补给和地表渗漏相对应的多个表面流。该方法在威斯康星州东南部盆地的应用证明了如何将其用作决策支持工具,首先,再现分布,其次,预测浅水抽水对fen点的压降和渗透率降低。它考虑了细胞内陆地表面的变化,以明确量化与渗透,拒绝补给,补给和地表渗漏相对应的多个表面流。该方法在威斯康星州东南部盆地的应用证明了如何将其用作决策支持工具,首先,再现分布,其次,预测浅水抽水对fen点的压降和渗透率降低。
更新日期:2019-08-20
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