In the pediatric population, complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a debilitating chronic pain syndrome that is classically treated with escalating polypharmacy and physical therapy. Failure of therapy is often encountered in both adult and pediatric patients with CRPS, after which invasive neuromodulatory therapy might be considered. Intrathecal drug delivery systems and spinal cord stimulation (SCS) have been reported in the literature as forms of neuromodulation effective in adult CRPS; however, SCS remains inadequately researched and underreported in the pediatric CRPS population. Owing to the differences in patient population characteristics and the specific vulnerability of adolescents to drugs that might be used to manage refractory cases, including but not limited to opioids, we believe that early effective pain management without the use of chronic pain medications is of paramount importance.

中文翻译：

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脊髓刺激改善了复杂的区域性疼痛综合征儿童的功能结局：病例介绍和文献综述。

在儿科人群中，复杂的区域性疼痛综合症（CRPS）是一种令人衰弱的慢性疼痛综合症，传统上通过逐步升级的综合药物和物理疗法进行治疗。CRPS的成年和小儿患者都经常遇到治疗失败的情况，此后可考虑采用侵入性神经调节治疗。鞘内给药系统和脊髓刺激（SCS）已在文献中报道为对成人CRPS有效的神经调节形式。然而，在小儿CRPS人群中，SCS的研究还不足，报道不足。由于患者人群特征的差异以及青少年对可能用于治疗难治性病例的药物（包括但不限于阿片类药物）的特殊脆弱性，