The ecology, abundance and diversity of galatheoid squat lobsters make them an ideal group to study deep‐sea diversification processes. Here, we reconstructed the evolutionary and biogeographic history of Leiogalathea, a genus of circum‐tropical deep‐sea squat lobsters, in order to compare patterns and processes that have affected shallow‐water and deep‐sea squat lobster species. We first built a multilocus phylogeny and a calibrated species tree with a relaxed clock using StarBEAST2 to reconstruct evolutionary relationships and divergence times among Leiogalathea species. We used BioGeoBEARS and a DEC model, implemented in RevBayes, to reconstruct ancestral distribution ranges and the biogeographic history of the genus. Our results showed that Leiogalathea is monophyletic and comprises four main lineages; morphological homogeneity is common within and between clades, except in one; the reconstructed ancestral range of the genus is in the Atlantic and Indian oceans (Tethys). They also revealed the divergence of the Atlantic species around 25 million years ago (Ma), intense cladogenesis 15–25 Ma and low levels of speciation over the last 5 million years (Myr). The four Leiogalathea lineages showed similar patterns of speciation: allopatric speciation followed by range expansion and subsequent stasis. Leiogalathea started diversifying during the Oligocene, likely in the Tethyan. The Atlantic lineage then split from its Indo‐Pacific sister group due to vicariance driven by closure of the Tethys Seaway. The Atlantic lineage is less speciose compared with the Indo‐Pacific lineages, with the Tropical Southwestern Pacific being the current centre of diversity. Leiogalathea diversification coincided with cladogenetic peaks in shallow‐water genera, indicating that historical biogeographic events similarly shaped the diversification and distribution of both deep‐sea and shallow‐water squat lobsters.

中文翻译：

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深海蹲龙虾生物地理学（Munidopsidae：Leiogalathea）揭示了浅水亲戚共有的特提斯人的变异和进化模式

Galatheoid 蹲龙虾的生态学、丰度和多样性使它们成为研究深海多样化过程的理想群体。在这里，我们重建了环热带深海深海龙虾属 Leiogalathea 的进化和生物地理历史，以比较影响浅水和深海深海龙虾物种的模式和过程。我们首先使用 StarBEAST2 构建了多位点系统发育和校准物种树，并使用松弛时钟重建 Leiogalathea 物种之间的进化关系和分歧时间。我们使用 BioGeoBEARS 和在 RevBayes 中实施的 DEC 模型来重建该属的祖先分布范围和生物地理历史。我们的结果表明，Leiogalathea 是单系的，包括四个主要谱系；形态同质性在进化枝内部和进化枝之间很常见，除了一个；该属的重建祖先范围在大西洋和印度洋（特提斯）。他们还揭示了大约 2500 万年前 (Ma) 大西洋物种的分化、15-25 Ma 的强烈分支发生和过去 500 万年 (Myr) 的低水平物种形成。四个 Leiogalathea 谱系显示出相似的物种形成模式：异域物种形成，然后是范围扩大和随后的停滞。Leiogalathea 在渐新世开始多样化，很可能在特提斯。由于特提斯海道关闭导致的替代，大西洋谱系随后从其印度-太平洋姊妹组中分裂出来。大西洋谱系与印度洋-太平洋谱系相比不那么特殊，热带西南太平洋是目前多样性的中心。Leiogalathea 的多样化与浅水属的进化枝峰一致，表明历史生物地理事件类似地塑造了深海和浅水蹲龙虾的多样化和分布。