The Naticidae is a species‐rich family of predatory marine gastropods with substantial interspecific morphological diversity. The classification of the Naticidae has been traditionally based on morphology data, but the phylogenetic relationships within the family are debated due to conflicting molecular results, especially regarding the monophyly of subfamilies Polinicinae and Naticinae. To further resolve the phylogenetic controversies within the Naticidae, we undertake a phylogenetic approach using 14 newly sequenced complete or nearly complete (only lacking a control region) mitochondrial genomes. Both the maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses supported monophyly of the Polinicinae, but paraphyly of the Naticinae due to the placement of the enigmatic genus Notocochlis. The ancestral character reconstruction suggests that the operculum, a character that currently defines the two subfamilies, evolved from an ancestor with a calcareous operculum in the evolutionary history of naticids. In addition, the chronogram estimates that naticids was originated in late Triassic (about 227 million years ago), consistent with previous hypotheses. Our study highlights the importance of using complete mitochondrial genomes while reconstructing phylogenetic relationships within the Naticidae. The evolution scenario of the naticid operculum contributes new insights into the classification of Naticidae.

中文翻译：

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Naticidae (Gastropoda: Littorinimorpha) 的线粒体基因组系统发育揭示了 Polinicinae 的单系

Naticidae 是一个物种丰富的掠食性海洋腹足动物家族，具有大量的种间形态多样性。Naticidae 的分类传统上基于形态学数据，但由于相互矛盾的分子结果，特别是关于亚科 Polinicinae 和 Naticinae 的单系，该科内的系统发育关系存在争议。为了进一步解决 Naticidae 内的系统发育争议，我们采用 14 个新测序的完整或接近完整（仅缺乏控制区域）线粒体基因组进行系统发育方法。最大似然分析和贝叶斯推理分析都支持 Polinicinae 的单系，但由于神秘的 Notocochlis 属的位置而支持 Naticinae 的并系。祖先特征重建表明，鳃盖是目前定义这两个亚科的一个特征，它是从在 naticids 的进化史上具有钙质鳃盖的祖先进化而来的。此外，年代图估计 naticids 起源于三叠纪晚期（大约 2.27 亿年前），与之前的假设一致。我们的研究强调了在重建 Naticidae 内系统发育关系时使用完整的线粒体基因组的重要性。naticidae 鳃盖的进化场景为 naticidae 的分类提供了新的见解。年代图估计 naticids 起源于三叠纪晚期（大约 2.27 亿年前），与之前的假设一致。我们的研究强调了在重建 Naticidae 内系统发育关系时使用完整的线粒体基因组的重要性。naticid 鳃盖的进化场景为 naticidae 的分类提供了新的见解。年代图估计 naticids 起源于三叠纪晚期（大约 2.27 亿年前），与之前的假设一致。我们的研究强调了在重建 Naticidae 内系统发育关系时使用完整的线粒体基因组的重要性。naticid 鳃盖的进化场景为 naticidae 的分类提供了新的见解。