Besides cumulative temperature and precipitation, the phase synchronization of temperature and precipitation also helps to regulate vegetation distribution and productivity across global lands. However, the phase synchronization has been rarely considered in previous studies related to climate and biogeography due to a lack of a robust and quantitative approach. In this study, we proposed a synchronization index of temperature and precipitation (SI‐TaP) and then investigated its global spatial distribution, interannual fluctuation, and long‐term trend derived from a global 60‐year dataset of meteorological forcings. Further investigation was conducted to understand the relationship between SI‐TaP and the annually summed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which could be a proxy of terrestrial vegetation productivity. Results show differences in both spatial patterns and temporal variations between SI‐TaP and air temperature and precipitation, but SI‐TaP may help to explain the distribution and productivity of terrestrial vegetation. About 60% of regions where annually summed NDVI is greater than half of its maximum value overlap regions where SI‐TaP is greater than half of its maximum value. By using SI‐TaP to explain vegetation productivity along with temperature and precipitation, the maximum increase in the coefficient of determination is 0.66 across global lands. Results from this study suggest that the proposed SI‐TaP index is helpful to better understand climate change and its relation to the biota.

中文翻译：

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一个新的全球温度和降水相位同步数据集：气候和对全球植被生产力的贡献

除了累积温度和降水外，温度和降水的相位同步还有助于调节全球土地上的植被分布和生产力。然而，由于缺乏可靠和定量的方法，在先前有关气候和生物地理学的研究中很少考虑相位同步。在这项研究中，我们提出了温度和降水的同步指数（SI-TaP），然后研究了其全球空间分布，年际波动以及从全球60年的气象强迫数据集中得出的长期趋势。进行了进一步的调查，以了解SI-TaP与每年汇总的归一化植被指数（NDVI）之间的关系，该指数可以代替陆地植被的生产力。结果表明，SI-TaP与气温和降水之间的空间格局和时间变化都存在差异，但SI-TaP可能有助于解释陆地植被的分布和生产力。每年NDVI大于其最大值一半的区域中约有60％与SI-TaP大于其最大值一半的区域重叠。通过使用SI-TaP来解释植被生产力以及温度和降水，全球土地上确定系数的最大增加为0.66。这项研究的结果表明，拟议的SI-TaP指数有助于更好地了解气候变化及其与生物群系的关系。但是SI‐TaP可能有助于解释陆地植被的分布和生产力。每年NDVI大于其最大值一半的区域中约有60％与SI-TaP大于其最大值一半的区域重叠。通过使用SI-TaP来解释植被生产力以及温度和降水，全球范围内确定系数的最大增加为0.66。这项研究的结果表明，拟议的SI-TaP指数有助于更好地了解气候变化及其与生物群系的关系。但是SI‐TaP可能有助于解释陆地植被的分布和生产力。每年NDVI大于其最大值一半的区域中约有60％与SI-TaP大于其最大值一半的区域重叠。通过使用SI-TaP来解释植被生产力以及温度和降水，全球土地上确定系数的最大增加为0.66。这项研究的结果表明，拟议的SI-TaP指数有助于更好地了解气候变化及其与生物群系的关系。通过使用SI-TaP来解释植被生产力以及温度和降水，全球土地上确定系数的最大增加为0.66。这项研究的结果表明，拟议的SI-TaP指数有助于更好地了解气候变化及其与生物群系的关系。通过使用SI-TaP来解释植被生产力以及温度和降水，全球土地上确定系数的最大增加为0.66。这项研究的结果表明，拟议的SI-TaP指数有助于更好地了解气候变化及其与生物群系的关系。