Gene expression in Haloarcula hispanica cells infected with the gammapleolipovirus His2 was studied using a custom DNA microarray. Total RNA from cells sampled at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4.5 hr postinfection was reverse‐transcribed into labeled cDNA and hybridized to microarrays, revealing temporal and differential expression in both host and viral genes. His2 gene expression occurred in three main phases (early, middle, and late), and by 4.5 hr p.i. the majority of genes were actively transcribed, including those encoding the major structural proteins. Eighty host genes were differentially regulated ≥twofold postinfection, with most of them predicted to be involved in transport, translation, and metabolism. Differentially expressed host genes could also be grouped into early‐, middle‐, and late‐expressed genes based on the timing of their up‐ and downregulation postinfection. The altered host transcriptional pattern suggests regulation by His2 infection, which may reprogram host metabolism to facilitate its own DNA replication and propagation. This study enhances the characterization of many hypothetical viral genes and provides insights into the interaction between His2 and its host.

中文翻译：

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深入了解感染Halolarcula hispanica的Hal2病毒的基因调控。

西班牙扁藻的基因表达使用定制的DNA微阵列研究了被伽玛脂蛋白病毒His2感染的细胞。将感染后0、1、2、3和4.5小时采样的细胞中的总RNA反转录成标记的cDNA，并与微阵列杂交，揭示宿主和病毒基因的时间和差异表达。His2基因表达发生在三个主要阶段（早期，中期和晚期），并且在pi到4.5 hr时，大多数基因被主动转录，包括那些编码主要结构蛋白的基​​因。八十个宿主基因在感染后被双重调控≥两倍，其中大多数被预测与转运，翻译和代谢有关。根据感染后上调和下调的时间，也可以将差异表达的宿主基因分为早期，中期和晚期表达的基因。改变的宿主转录模式表明受His2感染的调节，这可能会重新编程宿主代谢以促进其自身DNA复制和繁殖。这项研究增强了许多假设的病毒基因的表征，并提供了对His2及其宿主之间相互作用的见解。