Trichobilharzia regenti (Schistosomatidae) percutaneously infects birds and mammals and invades their central nervous system (CNS). Here, we characterized the peripheral immune response of infected mice and showed how it was influenced by the parasite-induced inflammation in the skin and the CNS. As revealed by flow cytometry, T cells expanded in the spleen and the CNS-draining lymph nodes 7-14 days post-infection. Both T-bet+ and GATA-3+ T cells were markedly elevated suggesting a mixed type 1/2 immune response. However, it dropped after 7 dpi most likely being unaffected by the neuroinflammation. Splenocytes from infected mice produced a high amount of IFN-γ and, to a lesser extent, IL-10, IL-4 and IL-17 after in vitro stimulation by cercarial homogenate. Nevertheless, it had only a limited capacity to alter the maturation status of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), contrary to the recombinant T. regenti cathepsin B2, which also strongly augmented expression of Ccl5, Cxcl10, Il12a, Il33 and Il10 by BMDCs. Taken together, mice infected with T. regenti developed the mixed type 1/2 immune response, which was driven by the early skin inflammation rather than the late neuroinflammation. Parasite peptidases might play an active role in triggering the host immune response.

中文翻译：

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感染了神经病性血吸虫的小鼠的外周免疫应答。

猪毛滴虫（Trichobilharzia regenti，Schistosomatidae）经皮感染鸟类和哺乳动物，并侵入其中枢神经系统（CNS）。在这里，我们表征了感染小鼠的外周免疫反应，并显示了它如何受到寄生虫诱导的皮肤和中枢神经系统炎症的影响。如流式细胞仪所揭示，感染后7-14天，T细胞在脾脏和CNS引流淋巴结中扩增。T-bet +和GATA-3 + T细胞均显着升高，提示混合的1/2型免疫应答。但是，它在7 dpi后下降，很可能不受神经炎症的影响。在通过尾car匀浆体外刺激后，来自感染小鼠的脾细胞产生大量的IFN-γ，并产生较少量的IL-10，IL-4和IL-17。不过，它具有有限的能力改变骨髓源性树突状细胞（BMDCs）的成熟状态，这与重组T. regenti组织蛋白酶B2相反，​​后者也通过BMDCs大大增强了Ccl5，Cxcl10，Il12a，Il33和Il10的表达。综上所述，感染了T. regenti的小鼠产生了混合的1/2型免疫应答，这是由早期皮肤炎症而非晚期神经炎症驱动的。寄生虫肽酶可能在触发宿主免疫反应中发挥积极作用。这是由早期皮肤炎症而非晚期神经炎症驱动的。寄生虫肽酶可能在触发宿主免疫反应中发挥积极作用。这是由早期皮肤炎症而非晚期神经炎症驱动的。寄生虫肽酶可能在触发宿主免疫反应中发挥积极作用。