The role of the centrosome—a microtubule‐organizing center—in neuronal development has been under scrutiny and is controversial. The function and position of the centrosome have been shown to play an important role in selecting the position of axon outgrowth in cultured neurons and in situ. However, other studies have shown that axonal growth is independent of centrosomal functions. Recent discoveries define the centrosome as an F‐actin organizing organelle in various cell types; thus, giving a whole new perspective to the role of the centrosome in lymphocyte polarity, cell division, and neuronal development. These discoveries compel the need to revisit centrosomal functions by investigating the fundamental mechanisms that regulate centrosomal F‐actin remodeling during neuronal differentiation and polarization. In this review, we summarize the up‐to‐date knowledge regarding the function of the centrosome in neuronal differentiation. We put special emphasis on recent findings describing the centrosome as an F‐actin organizing center. Additionally, with the available data regarding centrosome, microtubules and F‐actin organization, we provide a model on how centrosomal F‐actin could be modulating neuronal differentiation and polarity.

中文翻译：

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中心体在神经元发育中的新兴作用。

中心体（微管组织中心）在神经元发育中的作用一直受到审查，并且存在争议。已显示中心体的功能和位置在选择培养的神经元和原位轴突生长的位置中起重要作用。但是，其他研究表明，轴突的生长与中心体功能无关。最近的发现将中心体定义为各种细胞类型中的F-肌动蛋白组织细胞器。因此，为中心体在淋巴细胞极性，细胞分裂和神经元发育中的作用提供了全新的视角。这些发现通过研究在神经元分化和极化过程中调节中心体肌动蛋白重塑的基本机制，迫使人们有必要重新研究中心体功能。在这篇评论中 我们总结了有关中心体在神经元分化中的功能的最新知识。我们特别强调将中心体描述为F-肌动蛋白组织中心的最新发现。此外，利用有关中心体，微管和F-肌动蛋白组织的可用数据，我们提供了关于中心体F-肌动蛋白如何调节神经元分化和极性的模型。