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Drought: Progress in broadening its understanding
WIREs Water ( IF 6.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-05 , DOI: 10.1002/wat2.1407 Gebremedhin Gebremeskel Haile 1, 2, 3 , Qiuhong Tang 1, 2 , Wenhong Li 4 , Xingcai Liu 1 , Xuejun Zhang 5
WIREs Water ( IF 6.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-05 , DOI: 10.1002/wat2.1407 Gebremedhin Gebremeskel Haile 1, 2, 3 , Qiuhong Tang 1, 2 , Wenhong Li 4 , Xingcai Liu 1 , Xuejun Zhang 5
Affiliation
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Drought affects many aspects of society and its impact is global. To this end, rendering recurrent drought occurrences is a key research focus. Recently, in addition to existing knowledge, progress in scientific advancements regarding drought have been observed on a regional and global scale. Here, we reviewed and outlined current and emerging scientific developments in drought, focusing on progress made in recent years. In the human‐modified world, the anthropogenic effects on drought were dominant and drought‐frequency showed a prominent increase. In this study, we have identified the development of drought concepts, types, and indices, and their indicators were developed as sector‐specific, comprehensive, and oriented towards multiple scales. Anthropogenic changes have enhanced hydrological processes and affected the development of drought. Urbanization, deforestation, and related human activities have aggravated drought. Climate change has had an exacerbating role in drought, which is expected to increase during the 21st century. Human communities, in particular, are undertaking activities that cause droughts; suffering from and coping with their impact. In addition, the direct and indirect effects of drought need reconsideration. As such, the health impact of droughts is a concern in drought‐vulnerable societies and its burden on public health is largely unknown. The need for drought recovery to aid in effective ecosystem functioning in the aftermath of the drought and the development of mitigation measures to alleviate recurrent drought is critical. Enhanced drought monitoring and management options are required under existing environmental and socio‐economic setups in the 21st century.
中文翻译：
干旱：扩大了解范围的进展
干旱影响社会的许多方面，其影响是全球性的。为此，使干旱反复发作成为重点研究重点。最近，除现有知识外，在区域和全球范围内还观察到了有关干旱的科学进展。在这里，我们回顾并概述了干旱方面当前和新兴的科学发展，重点是近年来取得的进展。在人类改造的世界中，对干旱的人为影响占主导地位，干旱频率显着增加。在这项研究中，我们确定了干旱概念，类型和指标的发展，其指标已针对特定行业，全面，面向多个规模而制定。人为的变化加剧了水文过程并影响了干旱的发展。城市化，森林砍伐和相关的人类活动加剧了干旱。气候变化在干旱中起着加剧的作用，预计在21世纪将会加剧。特别是人类社区正在开展导致干旱的活动；遭受并应对其影响。此外，干旱的直接和间接影响需要重新考虑。因此，干旱对社会的影响是受干旱困扰的社会所关注的问题，其对公共健康的负担在很大程度上尚不清楚。至关重要的是，需要干旱恢复以在干旱后帮助有效的生态系统发挥作用，并制定缓解措施以减轻反复干旱。
更新日期：2019-12-05
中文翻译：
干旱：扩大了解范围的进展
干旱影响社会的许多方面，其影响是全球性的。为此，使干旱反复发作成为重点研究重点。最近，除现有知识外，在区域和全球范围内还观察到了有关干旱的科学进展。在这里，我们回顾并概述了干旱方面当前和新兴的科学发展，重点是近年来取得的进展。在人类改造的世界中，对干旱的人为影响占主导地位，干旱频率显着增加。在这项研究中，我们确定了干旱概念，类型和指标的发展，其指标已针对特定行业，全面，面向多个规模而制定。人为的变化加剧了水文过程并影响了干旱的发展。城市化，森林砍伐和相关的人类活动加剧了干旱。气候变化在干旱中起着加剧的作用，预计在21世纪将会加剧。特别是人类社区正在开展导致干旱的活动；遭受并应对其影响。此外，干旱的直接和间接影响需要重新考虑。因此，干旱对社会的影响是受干旱困扰的社会所关注的问题，其对公共健康的负担在很大程度上尚不清楚。至关重要的是，需要干旱恢复以在干旱后帮助有效的生态系统发挥作用，并制定缓解措施以减轻反复干旱。
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