A review of nonrevenue water assessment software tools,WIREs Water

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A review of nonrevenue water assessment software tools
WIREs Water ( IF 6.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-18 , DOI: 10.1002/wat2.1413
Taha M Al-Washali _{1,

2,

3} , Mohamed E Elkhider ₂ , Saroj K Sharma ₂ , Maria D Kennedy _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Several software tools are available that can assess the performance of nonrevenue water (NRW) in water distribution networks and plan for reduction measures. Of the 21 tools that have been reported in the literature, 12 are freely available. The creation of these many tools and different versions of each individual tool indicates the promising future of NRW software development. This review comprises 12 freely available tools for water balance establishment, NRW performance assessment, and NRW reduction planning. Most of the tools have been developed to establish standard annual water balances and recommended performance indicators (PIs) for the entire network. Some tools have been developed to intervene and reduce the leakage in a district metered area. Key features increasingly being included in NRW software include uncertainty analysis, recognition of supply intermittency, and accommodation of a guidance matrix and benchmarks. Leakage assessment is fully recognized, and leakage reduction analyses are increasingly growing in the software tools. However, much less attention has been paid to assessing and options for reducing apparent losses. Although a comprehensive NRW management tool for monitoring, planning, and intervention is not currently available, developing a comprehensive tool is worthwhile, in the form of one package or a kit of smaller tools. Toward this goal, the article provides insights and recommendations addressing topics of intermittency, normalization, multi‐method assessment, planning for the reduction of apparent and real losses, and estimation of the economic level of water loss.

中文翻译：

无收益水评估软件工具综述

有多种软件工具可以评估供水网络中无收益水 (NRW) 的性能并规划减少措施。在文献报道的 21 种工具中，有 12 种是免费提供的。这么多工具的创建以及每个工具的不同版本表明了北威州软件开发的光明前景。该审查包括 12 个可免费使用的工具，用于水平衡建立、无水收益绩效评估和无水收益削减规划。大多数工具的开发目的是为整个网络建立标准的年度水平衡和建议的绩效指标（PI）。已经开发了一些工具来干预和减少区域计量区域的泄漏。 NRW 软件中越来越多的关键功能包括不确定性分析、供应间歇性识别以及指导矩阵和基准的调整。泄漏评估得到充分认可，泄漏减少分析在软件工具中日益增多。然而，对于减少表面损失的评估和选择却很少受到关注。尽管目前还没有用于监测、规划和干预的综合无威威管理工具，但以一个包或一套较小工具的形式开发一个综合工具是值得的。为了实现这一目标，本文提供了有关间歇性、标准化、多方法评估、减少表观和实际损失的规划以及水损失经济水平估计等主题的见解和建议。

更新日期：2020-02-18

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