We examined gang interventions that produced adverse effects, or worse outcomes for treated participants in controlled evaluations. Prior studies describe harmful psychological processes and flawed research methods that can cause adverse effects in gang and crime prevention programs. We tested whether several program elements and methodological issues predicted adverse effects across 41 controlled evaluations. Only the presence of law enforcement officers as intervention providers significantly predicted adverse outcomes, and it is unclear whether law enforcement officers increased participants’ antisocial behaviors or simply detected more offending among treated participants. Including law enforcement officers in gang interventions may increase the risk of adverse outcomes; however, further research is needed to determine why.

中文翻译：

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帮忙的时候疼吗？对以帮派为重点的干预措施的不利影响进行细致入微的解释

我们检查了在对照评估中对接受治疗的参与者产生不利影响或更差结果的帮派干预措施。先前的研究描述了可能对帮派和犯罪预防计划造成不利影响的有害心理过程和有缺陷的研究方法。我们测试了几个计划要素和方法问题是否预测了 41 项受控评估的不利影响。只有执法人员作为干预提供者的存在才能显着预测不良结果，目前尚不清楚执法人员是否增加了参与者的反社会行为或只是在接受治疗的参与者中发现了更多的犯罪行为。将执法人员纳入帮派干预可能会增加不良后果的风险；然而，需要进一步的研究来确定原因。