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Nonlinear Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy for Predicting Sensitivity to Initiation in Granular High Explosives
Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-06 , DOI: 10.1002/prep.201900162 Peter Schulze 1 , Emily Pittman 1 , Sky Sjue 2 , David S. Moore 1 , Trevor Feagin 1 , Carly Donahue 3
Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-06 , DOI: 10.1002/prep.201900162 Peter Schulze 1 , Emily Pittman 1 , Sky Sjue 2 , David S. Moore 1 , Trevor Feagin 1 , Carly Donahue 3
Affiliation
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Nonlinear Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (NRUS) is a technique that can measure bulk nonlinear coefficients of the nonlinear elastic modulus for a material. NRUS has been used to identify damage in a variety of granular materials including rocks and concrete. Some energetic materials, such as Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate (PETN), are commonly fielded as pressed granular compacts. It is well known that the sensitivity to initiation of these materials is heavily dependent on their microstructure, and that microstructure changes naturally (becomes damaged) over time. In this study, we examine the use of NRUS to identify changes in microstructure between pristine and thermally aged PETN pellets. In particular, we examine the relationship between the bulk hysteretic nonlinearity, α, of the pellets and time spent at temperature, powder specific surface area (SSA), and sensitivity to initiation. We find that, in general, α does not increase uniformly for all pellets within a single thermal aging condition. However, when the pellets are test fired to determine sensitivity to initiation, there is a strong correlation between α and firing voltage threshold. NRUS‐measured α has the added benefit that the measurements can be made in situ and on benchtop scales.
中文翻译：
非线性共振超声光谱法预测粒状高炸药起爆敏感性
非线性共振超声光谱法（NRUS）是一种可以测量材料的非线性弹性模量的体非线性系数的技术。NRUS已用于识别包括岩石和混凝土在内的各种颗粒状材料的损坏。某些高能材料，例如季戊四醇四氢萘酸酯（PETN），通常被压制成粒状压块。众所周知，引发这些材料的敏感性在很大程度上取决于它们的微观结构，并且随着时间的推移，微观结构自然发生变化（变得受损）。在这项研究中，我们研究了使用NRUS来鉴定原始和热老化PETN颗粒之间微观结构的变化。特别是，我们检查了整体磁滞非线性α之间的关系，温度，粉末比表面积（SSA）和对引发的敏感性所花费的时间。我们发现，通常，在单个热老化条件下，对于所有颗粒而言，α不会均匀增加。然而，当将颗粒测试焙烧以确定对引发的敏感性时，α与焙烧电压阈值之间存在很强的相关性。NRUS测量的α的额外好处是可以在原位和台式规模上进行测量。
更新日期：2020-03-22
中文翻译：
非线性共振超声光谱法预测粒状高炸药起爆敏感性
非线性共振超声光谱法（NRUS）是一种可以测量材料的非线性弹性模量的体非线性系数的技术。NRUS已用于识别包括岩石和混凝土在内的各种颗粒状材料的损坏。某些高能材料，例如季戊四醇四氢萘酸酯（PETN），通常被压制成粒状压块。众所周知，引发这些材料的敏感性在很大程度上取决于它们的微观结构，并且随着时间的推移，微观结构自然发生变化（变得受损）。在这项研究中，我们研究了使用NRUS来鉴定原始和热老化PETN颗粒之间微观结构的变化。特别是，我们检查了整体磁滞非线性α之间的关系，温度，粉末比表面积（SSA）和对引发的敏感性所花费的时间。我们发现，通常，在单个热老化条件下，对于所有颗粒而言，α不会均匀增加。然而，当将颗粒测试焙烧以确定对引发的敏感性时，α与焙烧电压阈值之间存在很强的相关性。NRUS测量的α的额外好处是可以在原位和台式规模上进行测量。
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