Rheometry is an experimental technique that measures the relationship between stresses, strains, and their derivatives of fluids and deformable materials. Capillary and Couette viscometers were among the first instruments used to study rheology but now sophisticated shear and extensional rheometers are widely available for quality control, research, and product development. Here, we introduce the basics of rheology, define material functions, and describe conventional instruments, physical principles, applications, and uncertainties. In 2016 and 2017, the Web of Science indexed 8400 articles that mention rheometry and a bibliometric map assigned the keywords into five clusters of research: behaviour and viscosity, mechanical properties and morphology, rheological properties and microstructure, polymers and nano‐particles, and visco‐elastic properties and mixtures. Journal of Rheology, Construction Building Materials, Food Hydrocolloids, Soft Matter, Rheologica Acta, and Journal of Applied Polymer Science publish at least 80 articles per year that mention rheometry.

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化学工程中的实验方法：流变仪

流变仪是一种实验技术，用于测量应力，应变及其在流体和可变形材料中的导数之间的关系。毛细管粘度计和库埃特粘度计是最早用于研究流变学的仪器，但如今，复杂的剪切流变仪和拉伸流变仪已广泛用于质量控制，研究和产品开发。在这里，我们介绍流变学的基础知识，定义材料功能并描述常规仪器，物理原理，应用和不确定性。在2016年和2017年，Web of Science对8400篇涉及流变学和文献计量学的文章进行了索引，将关键词分为五个研究领域：行为和粘度，力学性能和形态，流变特性和微观结构，聚合物和纳米颗粒，流变学，建筑建材，食品水胶体，软质，流变学学报和应用聚合物科学杂志每年至少发表80篇涉及流变学的文章。