There is growing recognition of the importance of involving stakeholders in solution-oriented multidisciplinary environmental research projects. Management of nutrients to address water pollution is a wicked problem requiring multidisciplinary research and participation of stakeholders. Here, we frame participatory research as shared discovery, a deliberative, focused engagement process that serves as a directional guide for how research unfolds during the entire span of a project. We explore its application within a 5-yr, multidisciplinary research project seeking innovative solutions to nutrient management challenges in four agriculturally influenced small watersheds in the Chesapeake Bay basin. This process involved deliberate development of a stakeholder engagement strategy and structure, which included a specific research team dedicated to implementing shared discovery throughout. Recognizing that stakeholders involved in nutrient and watershed management engage at multiple scales, we developed a biscalar approach to engage stakeholders at both a regional or state policy level and within the local study watersheds. Early collaboration allowed stakeholders to be participatory in developing research questions and shaping research design, which made research results more applicable to the identified problems. The biscalar framework for engagement was a novel approach that allowed researchers to incorporate both broader policy concepts into research and local concerns and concepts specific to the small study watersheds, allowing solutions to be tailored to local needs. Although infusing research with stakeholder engagement and input from the outset is a time-consuming process, it bolsters research design and products and leads to greater application of research to solve nutrient pollution-a wicked problem indeed.

中文翻译：

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共享发现：在科学家、政策制定者和利益相关者之间共同产生知识以解决养分污染问题的过程

人们越来越认识到让利益相关者参与以解决方案为导向的多学科环境研究项目的重要性。管理养分以解决水污染是一个需要多学科研究和利益相关者参与的棘手问题。在这里，我们将参与式研究定义为共享发现，一个审慎的、有重点的参与过程，作为研究如何在整个项目跨度中展开的方向指南。我们探索了它在一个为期 5 年的多学科研究项目中的应用，该项目旨在寻求创新解决方案，以应对切萨皮克湾盆地四个受农业影响的小流域的养分管理挑战。这个过程涉及有意制定利益相关者参与战略和结构，其中包括一个专门的研究团队，致力于在整个过程中实施共享发现。认识到参与养分和流域管理的利益相关者在多个尺度上参与，我们开发了一种双标方法来吸引区域或州政策层面以及当地研究流域内的利益相关者。早期合作使利益相关者能够参与制定研究问题和塑造研究设计，从而使研究结果更适用于已确定的问题。参与的双标框架是一种新颖的方法，它允许研究人员将更广泛的政策概念纳入研究以及当地关注和针对小型研究流域的概念，从而可以根据当地需求量身定制解决方案。