Considerable bridge‐ground interaction effects are involved in evaluating the consequences of liquefaction‐induced deformations. Due to seismic excitation, liquefied soil layers may result in substantial accumulated permanent deformation of sloping ground near the abutments. Ultimately, global response is dictated by the bridge‐ground interaction as an integral system. However, a holistic assessment of such response generally requires a highly demanding full three‐dimensional (3D) model of the bridge and surrounding ground. As such, in order to capture a number of the salient involved mechanisms, this study focuses on the longitudinal seismic performance of a simpler idealized configuration, motivated by details of an existing bridge‐ground configuration. In this model, a realistic multilayer soil profile is considered with interbedded liquefiable/nonliquefiable strata. The effect of the resulting liquefaction‐induced ground deformation is explored. Attention is given to overall deformation of the bridge structure due to lateral spreading in the vicinity of the abutments. The derived insights indicate a need for such global analysis techniques, when addressing the potential hazard of liquefaction and its consequences.

中文翻译：

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桥梁地面地震反应和液化引起的变形方面

在评估液化引起的变形的结果中涉及了相当大的桥梁－地面相互作用效应。由于地震激发，液化的土壤层可能会导致基台附近倾斜地面的大量累积永久变形。最终，全球响应是由桥梁与地面的相互作用作为一个整体系统所决定的。但是，对这种响应的整体评估通常需要对桥梁和周围地面的高要求的完整三维（3D）模型。因此，为了捕获许多显着的相关机制，本研究着重于一个简单的理想配置的纵向抗震性能，其受现有桥梁-地面配置的细节影响。在这个模型中 考虑层间可液化/不可液化地层的真实多层土壤剖面。研究了液化引起的地面变形的影响。注意由于桥基附近的横向扩展而引起的桥梁结构的整体变形。得出的见解表明，在解决液化的潜在危险及其后果时，需要这种全球分析技术。