Idling power loss suppression techniques of hydraulic retarders in non-braking operating conditions are of great significance to improve vehicle driving efficiency. Most proposed idling power loss suppression devices require auxiliary operating parts, take up a lot of space and increase the load on the vehicle. In this study, the plunger spoiler was optimized with a non-smooth bionic surface for improved performance and compactness. Hydraulic retarders with traditional smooth spoilers and different bionic non-smooth surface spoilers were simulated and tested to investigate the effects of bionic non-smooth surfaces on idling performance. The numerical results indicated that the bionic spoilers could disturb the fluid flow, lower the blade pressure and increase the internal energy dissipation, leading to reduced rotor drag and lower idling power loss. The mechanism of drag reduction on rotor and efficiency improvement was discussed. The experimental data showed that bionic non-smooth surface spoilers reduced idling torque by 11.7% at a rotor speed of 3000 r/min, compared to the traditional smooth surface spoilers. In conclusion, the hydraulic retarder with an optimized bionic surface spoiler is able to reduce idling power loss and improve transmission efficiency effectively.

液压缓速器在非制动工况下的怠速功率损失抑制技术对于提高车辆的行驶效率具有重要意义。大多数提出的怠速功率损失抑制装置需要辅助操作部件，占用大量空间并增加车辆的负荷。在这项研究中，柱塞扰流板经过优化，具有非光滑的仿生表面，可提高性能和紧凑性。模拟和测试了具有传统光滑扰流板和不同仿生非光滑表面扰流板的液压缓速器，以研究仿生非光滑表面对怠速性能的影响。数值结果表明，仿生扰流板可能会干扰流体流动，降低叶片压力并增加内部能量耗散，从而降低了转子阻力，降低了空转功率损耗。讨论了减阻转子的机理和效率的提高。实验数据表明，与传统的光滑表面扰流板相比，仿生非光滑表面扰流板在3000 r / min的转子转速下将空转扭矩降低了11.7％。总之，带有优化仿生表面扰流器的液压缓速器能够减少空转功率损失并有效地提高传动效率。