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How Smart Cities Became the Urban Norm: Power and Knowledge in New Songdo City
Annals of the American Association of Geographers ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2019-06-27 , DOI: 10.1080/24694452.2019.1617102
Glen David Kuecker 1 , Kris Hartley 2
Affiliation  

In this article we ask why smart cities have emerged within the international development community as the normative urban logic for confronting systemic global crises. This phenomenon is exemplified by the embrace of smart cities as an implementation tool for UN Habitat’s aspirational New Urban Agenda. Our analysis deploys two theoretical approaches in novel combination. First, we reinterpret Foucault’s governmentality concept through the lens of Lefebvre’s planetary urbanization thesis. This approach reveals global crises and systemic instability as neglected lines of inquiry within the smart city discourse, particularly in scholarship that has viewed technocratic rationality and neoliberalism as primary mechanisms of capitalist reproduction. Our use of Lefebvre positions smart city governmentality within this neglected context. Our second theoretical approach goes beyond critical urban theory’s emphasis on social justice to consider its value in explaining rational-technocratic planning vis-à-vis Lefebvre’s “critical zone” of full planetary urbanization. We argue that smart cities represent an emergent form of critical zone urbanism. The article begins with a review of governmentality and planetary urbanization that establishes the foundation for the study’s case analysis of New Songdo City. We then analyze the Songdo project, its related actors and power brokers, and its evolution from test bed to implementation model that becomes the new urban norm. The conclusion synthesizes elements of the case and novel theoretical approach to highlight distinctions between cities as organically evolving entities and those as products of totalizing technocratic norms. Key Words: governmentality, planetary urbanization, smart cities.



中文翻译:

智慧城市如何成为城市规范:新松岛市的权力和知识

在本文中,我们要问为什么智慧城市已经在国际发展社区中崛起,成为应对系统性全球危机的规范性城市逻辑。以智慧城市作为联合国人居署雄心勃勃的《新城市议程》的实施工具,便体现了这一现象。我们的分析在新颖的组合中运用了两种理论方法。首先,我们通过勒费弗尔的行星城市化理论来重新解释福柯的政府性概念。这种方法揭示了全球危机和系统的不稳定性,这是智慧城市话语中被忽略的探究路线,尤其是在那些将技术专家理性和新自由主义视为资本主义再生产的主要机制的学术研究中。在这种被忽视的背景下,我们对勒菲弗尔的使用将智慧城市的政府定位。我们的第二种理论方法超越了批判性城市理论对社会正义的强调,而是考虑了其在相对于勒费弗尔的全面行星城市化的“关键区域”解释理性技术官僚主义计划中的价值。我们认为,智慧城市代表了临界区城市化的新兴形式。本文从对政府性和地球城市化的回顾开始,为研究新松岛市的案例分析奠定了基础。然后,我们分析了Songdo项目,其相关参与者和权力经纪人,以及其从测试平台到实施模型的演变,这些模型已成为新的城市规范。该结论综合了案例的要素和新颖的理论方法,以强调作为有机演进的实体的城市与作为总技术专家规范的产品的城市之间的区别。我们认为,智慧城市代表了临界区城市化的新兴形式。本文从对政府性和地球城市化的回顾开始,为研究新松岛市的案例分析奠定了基础。然后,我们分析了Songdo项目,其相关参与者和权力经纪人,以及其从测试平台到实施模型的演变,这些模型已成为新的城市规范。该结论综合了案例的要素和新颖的理论方法,以强调作为有机演进的实体的城市与作为总技术专家规范的产品的城市之间的区别。我们认为,智慧城市代表了临界区城市化的新兴形式。本文从对政府性和地球城市化的回顾开始,为研究新松岛市的案例分析奠定了基础。然后,我们分析了Songdo项目,其相关参与者和权力经纪人,以及其从测试平台到实施模型的演变,这些模型已成为新的城市规范。该结论综合了案例的要素和新颖的理论方法,以强调作为有机演进的实体的城市与作为总技术专家规范的产品的城市之间的区别。以及从测试平台到实施模型的演变,这些成为了新的城市规范。该结论综合了案例的要素和新颖的理论方法,以强调作为有机演进的实体的城市与作为总技术专家规范的产品的城市之间的区别。以及从测试平台到实施模型的演变,这些成为了新的城市规范。该结论综合了案例的要素和新颖的理论方法,以强调作为有机演进的实体的城市与作为总技术专家规范的产品的城市之间的区别。关键词:政府性,行星城市化,智慧城市。

更新日期:2020-03-30
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