ABSTRACT Although changes to self-identity or self-discrepancy are common after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), the mechanisms underlying these changes are poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the influence of personality characteristics and cognitive appraisals on self-discrepancy. Participants were 51 adults (74% male) with severe TBI (M age = 36.22 years; SD = 12.65) who were on average 34 months (SD = 40.29) post-injury. They completed self-report measures of personality style (optimism and defensiveness), cognitive appraisals (threat appraisals, rumination and reflection and perceived coping resources), and self-discrepancy (Head Injury Semantic Differential Scale – III). Correlation analyses identified that higher levels of optimism, defensiveness and perceived coping resources were significantly associated with more positive self-discrepancy (r = .29−.47, p < .05), whereas higher threat appraisals and rumination were significantly related to more negative self- discrepancy (r = −.50−.57, p < .001). After controlling for personality characteristics, cognitive appraisals significantly accounted for self-discrepancy (R2 change = .15). Moreover, rumination significantly mediated the relationship between optimism and self-discrepancy. In summary, cognitive appraisals were found to be related to self-discrepancy, independent of personality characteristics. Rumination in particular may be an important target of psychological intervention for individuals experiencing negative self-discrepancy.

中文翻译：

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严重创伤性脑损伤后与自我差异相关的人格特征和认知评价

摘要 尽管严重创伤性脑损伤 (TBI) 后自我认同或自我差异的变化很常见，但这些变化背后的机制知之甚少。本研究旨在检验人格特征和认知评价对自我差异的影响。参与者是 51 名患有严重 TBI（M 年龄 = 36.22 岁；SD = 12.65）的成年人（74% 为男性），他们平均在受伤后 34 个月（SD = 40.29）。他们完成了人格风格（乐观和防御性）、认知评估（威胁评估、沉思和反思以及感知的应对资源）和自我差异（头部损伤语义差异量表 - III）的自我报告测量。相关性分析表明，较高的乐观程度，防御性和感知应对资源与更积极的自我差异显着相关（r = .29-.47，p < .05），而更高的威胁评估和沉思与更消极的自我差异显着相关（r = -.50 -.57，p < .001）。在控制人格特征后，认知评估显着解释了自我差异（R2 变化 = .15）。此外，沉思显着调节了乐观和自我差异之间的关系。总之，发现认知评估与自我差异有关，与人格特征无关。对于经历消极自我差异的人来说，反刍尤其可能是心理干预的重要目标。而更高的威胁评估和沉思与更消极的自我差异显着相关（r = -.50-.57，p < .001）。在控制人格特征后，认知评估显着解释了自我差异（R2 变化 = .15）。此外，沉思显着调节了乐观和自我差异之间的关系。总之，发现认知评估与自我差异有关，与人格特征无关。对于经历消极自我差异的人来说，反刍尤其可能是心理干预的重要目标。而更高的威胁评估和沉思与更消极的自我差异显着相关（r = -.50-.57，p < .001）。在控制人格特征后，认知评估显着解释了自我差异（R2 变化 = .15）。此外，沉思显着调节了乐观和自我差异之间的关系。总之，发现认知评估与自我差异有关，与人格特征无关。对于经历消极自我差异的人来说，反刍尤其可能是心理干预的重要目标。认知评估显着解释了自我差异（R2 变化 = .15）。此外，沉思显着调节了乐观和自我差异之间的关系。总之，发现认知评估与自我差异有关，与人格特征无关。对于经历消极自我差异的人来说，反刍尤其可能是心理干预的重要目标。认知评估显着解释了自我差异（R2 变化 = .15）。此外，沉思显着调节了乐观和自我差异之间的关系。总之，发现认知评估与自我差异有关，与人格特征无关。对于经历消极自我差异的人来说，反刍尤其可能是心理干预的重要目标。