The general ability of components of an organism to work together to achieve a common goal has been termed integration and is often studied empirically by deconstructing organisms into component parts and quantifying covariation between them. Kinematic traits describing movement are useful for allowing organisms to respond to ecological contexts that vary over short time spans (milliseconds, minutes, etc.). Integration of these traits can contribute to the maintenance of the function of the whole organism, but it is unclear how modulation of component kinematic traits affects their integration. We examined the integration of swimming and feeding during capture of alternative prey types in bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). Despite the expected modulation of kinematics, integration within individuals was inflexible across prey types, suggesting functional redundancy for solving a broad constraint. However, integration was variable among individuals, suggesting that individuals vary in their solutions for achieving whole-organism function and that this solution acts as a ‘top-down’ regulator of component traits, which provides insight into why kinematic variation is observed. Additionally, variation in kinematic integration among individuals could serve as an understudied target of environmental selection on prey capture, which is a necessary first step towards the observed divergence in integration among populations and species.

中文翻译：

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猎物捕获过程中的运动学整合因个体而异，但在大g翻车鱼Lepomis macrochirus（Perciformes：Centrarchidae）的生态环境中没有变化

生物体各组成部分共同协作以实现一个共同目标的一般能力被称为整合，通常通过将生物体解构为组成部分并量化它们之间的协方差来进行经验研究。描述运动的运动学特征有助于使生物对短时间内（毫秒，分钟等）变化的生态环境做出反应。这些性状的整合可有助于维持整个生物体的功能，但尚不清楚组分运动性状的调节如何影响它们的整合。我们研究了捕获blue类翻车鱼（Lepomis macrochirus）。尽管对运动学进行了预期的调节，但是个体之间的整合在各种猎物类型中都不是一成不变的，这表明用于解决广泛约束的功能冗余。然而，个体之间的整合是可变的，这表明个体在实现全有机体功能方面的解决方案各不相同，并且该解决方案充当组件性状的“自上而下”调节器，这为了解为什么观察到运动学变化提供了见识。此外，个体之间运动学整合的变化可以作为捕获猎物的环境选择的未充分研究的目标，这是朝着观察到的种群与物种融合差异迈出的必要的第一步。