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Further insights in the Tardigrada microbiome: phylogenetic position and prevalence of infection of four new Alphaproteobacteria putative endosymbionts
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society ( IF 3.0 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-28 , DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz128
Roberto Guidetti 1 , Matteo Vecchi 1, 2 , Agnese Ferrari 1 , Irene L G Newton 3 , Michele Cesari 1 , Lorena Rebecchi 1
Affiliation  

Data from a previous study showed that microbiomes of six tardigrade species are species-specific and distinct from associated environmental microbes. We here performed a more in-depth analyses of those data, to identify and characterize new potential symbionts. The most abundant bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) found in tardigrades are classified, and their prevalence in other environments is assessed using public databases. A subset of OTUs was selected for molecular phylogenetic analyses based on their affiliation with host-associated bacterial families in tardigrades. Almost 22.6% of the most abundant OTUs found do not match any sequence at 99% identity in the IMNGS database. These novel OTUs include four putative tardigrade endosymbionts from Alphaproteobacteria (Anaplasmataceae and Candidatus Tenuibacteraceae), which are characterized by 16S rRNA gene analysis and investigated for their infection rates in: Echiniscus trisetosus, Richtersisus coronifer and Macrobiotus macrocalix. These putative endosymbionts have an infection prevalence between 9.1% and 40.0%, and are, therefore, likely secondary symbionts, not essential for tardigrade survival and reproduction. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we detected bacteria on the cuticle and within the ovary of E. trisetosus, suggesting possible vertical transmission. This study highlights the great contribution in biodiversity discovery that neglected phyla can provide in microbiome and symbiosis studies.

中文翻译:

缓步动物微生物组的进一步见解:四种新的 Alphaproteobacteria 假定内共生体的系统发育位置和感染率

先前研究的数据表明,六种缓步动物的微生物组具有物种特异性,与相关的环境微生物不同。我们在这里对这些数据进行了更深入的分析,以识别和表征新的潜在共生体。在缓步动物中发现的最丰富的细菌操作分类单位 (OTU) 被分类,并使用公共数据库评估它们在其他环境中的流行情况。根据它们与缓步动物中宿主相关细菌家族的隶属关系,选择了一部分 OTU 进行分子系统发育分析。几乎 22.6% 的最丰富的 OTU 与 IMNGS 数据库中 99% 同一性的任何序列都不匹配。这些新的 OTU 包括来自 Alphaproteobacteria(无形体科和 Candidatus Tenuibacteraceae)的四种假定的缓步动物内共生体,其特征在于 16S rRNA 基因分析,并调查了它们在: Echiniscus trisetosus、Richtersisus coronifer 和 Macrobiotus macrocalix 中的感染率。这些假定的内共生体的感染率在 9.1% 到 40.0% 之间,因此很可能是次生共生体,对缓步动物的生存和繁殖不是必需的。使用荧光原位杂交 (FISH),我们检测到 E. trisetosus 的角质层和卵巢内的细菌,这表明可能存在垂直传播。这项研究强调了被忽视的门在微生物组和共生研究中对生物多样性发现的巨大贡献。这些假定的内共生体的感染率在 9.1% 到 40.0% 之间,因此很可能是次生共生体,对缓步动物的生存和繁殖不是必需的。使用荧光原位杂交 (FISH),我们检测到 E. trisetosus 的角质层和卵巢内的细菌,这表明可能存在垂直传播。这项研究强调了被忽视的门在微生物组和共生研究中对生物多样性发现的巨大贡献。这些假定的内共生体的感染率在 9.1% 到 40.0% 之间,因此很可能是次生共生体,对缓步动物的生存和繁殖不是必需的。使用荧光原位杂交 (FISH),我们检测到 E. trisetosus 的角质层和卵巢内的细菌,这表明可能存在垂直传播。这项研究强调了被忽视的门在微生物组和共生研究中对生物多样性发现的巨大贡献。
更新日期:2019-11-28
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