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Design of an Efficient N×N Butterfly Switching Network in Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA)
IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 , DOI: 10.1109/tnano.2020.2969166
Ali Newaz Bahar , Khan A. Wahid

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a rapidly growing nanotechnology very well suited for designing ultra-dense, low-power, and high-performance digital circuits. In parallel computing, the multistage interconnection network (MIN) provides maximum bandwidth to the components and minimum latency access to the memory modules. Much research has been conducted on CMOS-based MINs for parallel computing. However, the QCA-based switching network is still underexplored. This article proposes a QCA architecture of a new single-layer butterfly switching network (BSN). To achieve this, we design an efficient 2 × 2 switching element (SE), using a modified majority ($\mathcal{M}{_{[x,y]}}$) gate that is fully utilized (i.e., no fixed logic like “0” and “1” at the inputs). The use of a fully utilized majority gate over a partially utilized majority (PUM) one makes the proposed SE more cost-efficient and versatile, and therefore it is used as the building block for designing the switching network. In addition, we deploy the SE to realize 4 × 4 and 8 × 8 BSNs. We also show how the design can be extended for an N × N BSN. All the proposed circuits have been modeled and verified by QCADesigner. QCAPro is used for estimating the average switching and leakage energy dissipation of the proposed circuits. The results show considerable enhancement in terms of cell count, device area, and latency, and thereby outperform all reported prior designs.

中文翻译:

量子点元胞自动机 (QCA) 中高效 N×N 蝴蝶开关网络的设计

量子点元胞自动机 (QCA) 是一种快速发展的纳米技术,非常适合设计超高密度、低功耗和高性能的数字电路。在并行计算中,多级互连网络 (MIN) 为组件提供最大带宽,并为内存模块提供最小延迟访问。已经对用于并行计算的基于 CMOS 的 MIN 进行了大量研究。然而,基于 QCA 的交换网络仍未得到充分探索。本文提出了一种新型单层蝶形交换网络 (BSN) 的 QCA 架构。为了实现这一点,我们设计了一个高效的 2 × 2 开关元件 (SE),使用一个被充分利用的修改后的多数 ($\mathcal{M}{_{[x,y]}}$) 门(即没有固定的输入端的逻辑如“0”和“1”)。在部分利用的多数 (PUM) 门上使用完全利用的多数门使所提出的 SE 更具成本效益和通用性,因此它被用作设计交换网络的构建块。此外,我们部署 SE 以实现 4 × 4 和 8 × 8 BSN。我们还展示了如何将设计扩展到 N × N BSN。所有提出的电路都经过 QCADesigner 建模和验证。QCAPro 用于估计建议电路的平均开关和泄漏能量耗散。结果表明,在单元数量、设备面积和延迟方面都有相当大的改进,从而优于所有报告的先前设计。我们部署 SE 以实现 4 × 4 和 8 × 8 BSN。我们还展示了如何将设计扩展到 N × N BSN。所有提出的电路都经过 QCADesigner 建模和验证。QCAPro 用于估计建议电路的平均开关和泄漏能量耗散。结果表明,在单元数量、设备面积和延迟方面都有相当大的改进,从而优于所有报告的先前设计。我们部署 SE 以实现 4 × 4 和 8 × 8 BSN。我们还展示了如何将设计扩展到 N × N BSN。所有提出的电路都经过 QCADesigner 建模和验证。QCAPro 用于估计建议电路的平均开关和泄漏能量耗散。结果表明,在单元数量、设备面积和延迟方面都有相当大的改进,从而优于所有报告的先前设计。
更新日期:2020-01-01
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