In this paper, we present current pulses from upward lightning, which have been measured since 2011 at the new top structure of the Peissenberg Tower, Germany. The study comprises 38 negative and two positive flashes, which contained 199 current pulses. About 49 of them were return stroke current pulses, 133 of them were current pulses, which superimposed the initial continuous current (ICC-pulses), and 17 of them were M-component current pulses, which superimposed the continuing current of a preceding return stroke. The current pulses are used to evaluate the performance of the European lightning location system EUCLID. Fifty one (25.6%) out of the 199 current pulses were detected by EUCLID, 40 (81.6%) return stroke current pulses, and 11 (8.5%) ICC-pulses or M-component current pulses. The peak currents ranged from 0.1 to 40.8 kA. Two groups of current pulses could be identified. The first group is related to branches of nearby downward lightning which got in contact with the tower. Therefore, EUCLID reported much higher peak currents (more than 100%) compared to the peak currents measured at the Peissenberg Tower. The first group comprises the total of nine current pulses (six ICC-pulses, three return stroke current pulses). The second group of current pulses is related to upward lightning initiated from the top of the tower. The peak current inferred from EUCLID deviates much less from peak current measured at the Peissenberg Tower. The peak current was overestimated by about 20% by EUCLID. The second group comprises the total of 42 current pulses (4 ICC-pulses, 1 M-component current pulses, and 37 return stroke current pulses). The peak currents ranged from 3.1 to 40.8 kA, the geometric mean (GM) was 9.4 kA. About 30% of these events were misclassified as intra-cloud pulses by EUCLID. The GM of the location error was 161 m for all events, and 132 m considering only the return stroke current pulses.

中文翻译：

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欧洲闪电检测网络 EUCLID 在 Peissenberg 塔测量的向上闪电的各种类型电流脉冲情况下的性能

在本文中，我们展示了自 2011 年以来在德国佩森伯格塔的新顶部结构中测量到的向上闪电的电流脉冲。该研究包括 38 次负闪光和两次正闪光，其中包含 199 个电流脉冲。其中约49个为回程电流脉冲，其中133个为电流脉冲，叠加了初始连续电流（ICC-脉冲），其中17个为M分量电流脉冲，叠加了前一个回程的持续电流. 电流脉冲用于评估欧洲闪电定位系统 EUCLID 的性能。EUCLID 检测到 199 个电流脉冲中的 51 个 (25.6%)、40 个 (81.6%) 回程电流脉冲和 11 个 (8.5%) ICC 脉冲或 M 分量电流脉冲。峰值电流范围为 0.1 至 40.8 kA。可以识别两组电流脉冲。第一组与附近与塔接触的向下闪电的分支有关。因此，与在 Peissenberg 塔测量的峰值电流相比，EUCLID 报告的峰值电流要高得多（超过 100%）。第一组包括总共九个电流脉冲（六个ICC脉冲，三个回程电流脉冲）。第二组电流脉冲与从塔顶发起的向上闪电有关。从 EUCLID 推断的峰值电流与在 Peissenberg 塔测得的峰值电流的偏差要小得多。EUCLID 将峰值电流高估了约 20%。第二组包括总共 42 个电流脉冲（4 个 ICC 脉冲、1 个 M 分量电流脉冲和 37 个回程电流脉冲）。峰值电流范围为 3.1 至 40。8 kA，几何平均值 (GM) 为 9.4 kA。这些事件中约有 30% 被 EUCLID 错误分类为云内脉冲。所有事件的定位误差 GM 为 161 m，仅考虑回程电流脉冲为 132 m。