Insulating and energy-storage materials, such as propylene carbonate, require high dielectric strength. To improve insulation performance of propylene carbonate, we surface treated a copper electrode with a low-temperature plasma based on liquid nanometer modification technology. Thus, a TiO2 nano-modified liquid was prepared and the surface of the copper electrode was modified by sputtering a TiO2 film. The surface morphologies of the electrode surface before and after modification and the impulse breakdown voltages and space charge distributions of pure and nano-modified propylene carbonate were studied. These results indicate that the TiO2 film deposition on the surface of the copper electrode markedly reduced the surface roughness. Furthermore, after the surface modification, the breakdown voltage of pure propylene carbonate and nano-modified propylene carbonate increased by 9.4 and 14.3%, respectively. We analyzed the effects of the electrode surface modification and nanoparticles on the breakdown voltage of propylene carbonate from the perspective of space charge. The nanoparticles introduced shallow traps, which increased the rate of charge dissipation. Furthermore, surface modification of the electrodes inhibited charge injection into the liquid, which affected the generation and development of streamers in the liquid, thereby further improving the breakdown performance of the propylene carbonate.

中文翻译：

---

低温等离子体表面改性TiO2纳米颗粒和电极对碳酸丙烯酯脉冲击穿电压的影响

绝缘和储能材料，如碳酸亚丙酯，需要高介电强度。为了提高碳酸亚丙酯的绝缘性能，我们基于液体纳米改性技术，用低温等离子体对铜电极进行了表面处理。由此制备出TiO2纳米改性液，并通过溅射TiO2薄膜对铜电极表面进行改性。研究了改性前后电极表面的表面形貌以及纯和纳米改性碳酸亚丙酯的脉冲击穿电压和空间电荷分布。这些结果表明，在铜电极表面沉积的 TiO2 膜显着降低了表面粗糙度。此外，经过表面改性后，纯碳酸亚丙酯和纳米改性碳酸亚丙酯的击穿电压分别提高了9.4%和14.3%。我们从空间电荷的角度分析了电极表面改性和纳米粒子对碳酸亚丙酯击穿电压的影响。纳米粒子引入了浅陷阱，这增加了电荷耗散率。此外，电极的表面改性抑制了电荷注入液体，影响了液体中流光的产生和发展，从而进一步提高了碳酸亚丙酯的击穿性能。我们从空间电荷的角度分析了电极表面改性和纳米粒子对碳酸亚丙酯击穿电压的影响。纳米粒子引入了浅陷阱，这增加了电荷耗散率。此外，电极的表面改性抑制了电荷注入液体，影响了液体中流光的产生和发展，从而进一步提高了碳酸亚丙酯的击穿性能。我们从空间电荷的角度分析了电极表面改性和纳米粒子对碳酸亚丙酯击穿电压的影响。纳米粒子引入了浅陷阱，这增加了电荷耗散率。此外，电极的表面改性抑制了电荷注入液体，影响了液体中流光的产生和发展，从而进一步提高了碳酸亚丙酯的击穿性能。