Haptics technologies have the potential to considerably improve the acquisition of handwriting skills by providing physical assistance to improve movement accuracy and precision. To date, very few studies have thoroughly examined the effectiveness of various haptic guidance methods to leverage the acquisition of handwriting skills. In this paper, we examine the role of several methods for haptic guidance, namely full haptic guidance, partial haptic guidance, disturbance haptic guidance, and no-haptic guidance toward improving the learning outcomes of handwriting skills acquisition for typical children. A group of 42 children from Cranleigh School Abu Dhabi across two educational stages, namely Foundation Stage 2 (FS2, 4–5 years old) and Year 2 (6–7 years old), participated in this study. Results showed that disturbance haptic guidance was the most effective for high complexity handwriting tasks (such as writing the letters “o” and “g”), partial haptic guidance was the most effective for medium complexity handwriting tasks (such as “t,” “r,” “s,” “e,” “n,” “a,” and “b”), and full haptic guidance was the most effective for low complexity letters (such as “i”). Another interesting finding was that FS2 participants had statistically significant improvement in handwriting speed compared to the Year 2 group, demonstrated by a significantly shorter test completion time. Furthermore, female children performed statistically better than their male counterparts in partial guidance. These results can be utilized to build more effective haptic-based handwriting tools for typical children.

中文翻译：

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研究用于教授儿童手写技能的触觉指导方法

触觉技术有可能通过提供物理帮助来提高运动准确性和精确度，从而大大提高手写技能的获得。迄今为止，很少有研究彻底检查了各种触觉指导方法在获得手写技能方面的有效性。在本文中，我们研究了几种触觉指导方法的作用，即完全触觉指导、部分触觉指导、干扰触觉指导和非触觉指导，以提高典型儿童的手写技能习得学习成果。来自阿布扎比克兰利学校的 42 名儿童参与了这项研究，他们跨越两个教育阶段，即基础阶段 2（FS2，4-5 岁）和 2 年级（6-7 岁）。结果表明，干扰触觉指导对高复杂度的手写任务（如写字母“o”和“g”）最有效，部分触觉指导对中等复杂度的手写任务（如“t”、“ r、“s”、“e”、“n”、“a”和“b”），并且完整的触觉指导对于低复杂度的字母（例如“i”）最有效。另一个有趣的发现是，与第 2 年组相比，FS2 参与者的手写速度在统计学上有显着提高，这体现在测试完成时间显着缩短。此外，在部分指导下，女童在统计学上的表现优于男童。这些结果可用于为典型儿童构建更有效的基于触觉的手写工具。