This paper develops a stochastic framework for the energy management of a microgrid to minimize the energy cost from the grid. It considers the uncertainties in solar photovoltaic (PV) generation, load demand, and electricity price. Furthermore, the opportunity of flexible load demand, i.e., the effect of demand response (DR), on the test system is studied. The uncertainties are modeled by using Monte Carlo simulations and the generated scenarios are reduced to improve the computational tractability. In general, microgrid scheduling is implemented by using substation (source node) price as a reference, but that reference price is not the same at all nodes. Therefore, this paper develops the nodal price based energy management in a microgrid to improve the scheduling accuracy. The stochastic energy management framework is formulated as a mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP). Four case studies are simulated for a modified 15-node radial distribution network integrated with solar PV and battery energy storage system (BESS) to validate the effectiveness of the energy management framework for a microgrid with nodal pricing.

中文翻译：

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具有节点定价的微电网随机能量管理

本文为微电网的能源管理开发了一个随机框架，以最大程度地降低电网的能源成本。它考虑了太阳能光伏（PV）发电，负荷需求和电价的不确定性。此外，研究了灵活的负载需求的机会，即需求响应（DR）对测试系统的影响。通过使用蒙特卡洛模拟对不确定性进行建模，并减少了生成的场景以提高计算的可处理性。通常，微电网调度是通过使用变电站（源节点）价格作为参考来实现的，但是参考价格在所有节点上都不相同。因此，本文在微电网中开发了基于节点价格的能源管理，以提高调度精度。随机能量管理框架用混合整数非线性规划（MINLP）表示。针对修改后的15节点径向配电网络（与太阳能PV和电池储能系统（BESS）集成）进行了四个案例研究，以验证具有节点定价的微电网的能源管理框架的有效性。