Smart parking lots are smart places capable of supporting both parking and charging services for electric vehicles (EVs). In order to manage EV charging, the parking lot local controller (PLLC) requires data exchange with EV charging stations (EVCSs) through communication infrastructures. However, data losses and communication delays are unavoidable and may significantly degrade the system performance. This work aims to investigate the underlying communication networks for remote monitoring of EVCSs in a smart campus parking lot. The communication network consists of two subnetworks: parking area network (PAN) and campus area network (CAN). PAN covers communication among EVs, charging stations and PLLC, while CAN enables dedicated communication between PLLCs and a global controller of the university. As one of the major obstacles in EV system is the lack of unified communication architecture to integrate EVCS in the power grid, we develope communication models for the in-vehicle system and EVCSs based on logical node concept of IEC 61850 standard. Furthermore, we implement network models for EVCSs using OPNET modeler. Different communication technologies and configurations are considered in modeling and simulations, and end-to-end delay is evaluated and discussed.

中文翻译：

---

智能校园停车场中电动汽车充电站的远程监控

智能停车场是能够同时支持电动汽车（EV）的停车和充电服务的智能场所。为了管理EV充电，停车场本地控制器（PLLC）要求通过通信基础设施与EV充电站（EVCS）进行数据交换。但是，数据丢失和通信延迟是不可避免的，并且可能会严重降低系统性能。这项工作旨在研究用于智能校园停车场中的EVCS远程监控的基础通信网络。通信网络由两个子网组成：停车场局域网（PAN）和校园局域网（CAN）。PAN涵盖了电动汽车，充电站和PLLC之间的通信，而CAN支持PLLC与大学的全球控制器之间的专用通信。由于EV系统的主要障碍之一是缺乏将EVCS集成到电网中的统一通信体系结构，我们基于IEC 61850标准的逻辑节点概念开发了车载系统和EVCS的通信模型。此外，我们使用OPNET建模器为EVCS实现了网络模型。在建模和仿真中考虑了不同的通信技术和配置，并对端到端延迟进行了评估和讨论。