Asthma is a chronic immunological disease affecting all age groups, but often starting in childhood. Although it has long been ascribed to a single pathology, recent studies have highlighted its heterogeneity due to the potential involvement of various pathogenic mechanisms. Here, we present our current understanding of the role of innate-like T (ILT) cells in asthma pathogenesis. These cells constitute a specific family mainly comprising γδT, invariant natural killer (iNKT) and mucosal-associated invariant (MAIT) T cells. They all share the ability to massively secrete a wide range of cytokines in a T-cell receptor (TCR)-dependent or -independent manner. ILT cells are prevalent in mucosal tissues, including airways, where their innate and adaptive immune functions consist primarily in protecting tissue integrity. However, ILT cells may also have detrimental effects leading to asthma symptoms. The immune mechanisms through which this pathogenic effect occurs will be discussed in this overview.

哮喘是一种影响所有年龄组的慢性免疫疾病，但通常始于儿童时期。尽管长期以来一直将其归因于单一病理，但由于各种致病机制的潜在参与，最近的研究强调了其异质性。在这里，我们介绍了我们目前对先天样 T (ILT) 细胞在哮喘发病机制中的作用的理解。这些细胞构成一个特定的家族，主要包括γδT、不变自然杀伤（iNKT）和粘膜相关不变（MAIT）T细胞。它们都具有以 T 细胞受体 (TCR) 依赖性或非依赖性方式大量分泌多种细胞因子的能力。ILT 细胞普遍存在于包括气道在内的粘膜组织中，它们的先天性和适应性免疫功能主要包括保护组织完整性。然而，ILT 细胞也可能具有导致哮喘症状的不利影响。本概述将讨论发生这种致病作用的免疫机制。