Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a fundamental role in plant growth and nutrition in natural and agricultural ecosystems. Despite the importance of such symbionts, the different developmental changes occurring during the AMF life cycle have not been fully elucidated at the molecular level. Here, the RNA-seq approach was used to investigate Rhizoglomus irregulare specific and common transcripts at two different time points of mycorrhizal establishment in Helianthus annuus in vivo. Four days after inoculation, transcripts related to cellular remodeling (actin and tubulin), cellular signaling (calmodulin, serine/threonine protein kinase, 14-3-3 protein, and calcium transporting ATPase), lipid metabolism (fatty acid desaturation, steroid hormone, and glycerophospholipid biosynthesis), and biosynthetic processes were detected. In addition to such transcripts, 16 days after inoculation, expressed genes linked to binding and catalytic activities; ion (K⁺, Ca²⁺, Fe²⁺, Zn²⁺, Mn²⁺, Pi, ammonia), sugar, and lipid transport; and those involved in vacuolar polyphosphate accumulation were found. Knowledge of transcriptomic changes required for symbiosis establishment and performance is of great importance to understand the functional role of AMF symbionts in food crop nutrition and health, and in plant diversity in natural ecosystems.

中文翻译：

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RNA-seq分析显示，在向日葵根部菌根建立的两个不同时间点，不规则根瘤菌中的基因表达。

丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）在自然和农业生态系统中的植物生长和营养中起着基本作用。尽管这类共生体非常重要，但在分子水平上尚未完全阐明AMF生命周期中发生的不同发育变化。在这里，使用RNA-seq方法研究了向日葵的菌根建立在两个不同时间点的根际不规则根瘤菌特异性和共同转录本体内。接种后四天，与细胞重塑（肌动蛋白和微管蛋白），细胞信号转导（钙调蛋白，丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶，14-3-3蛋白和钙转运ATPase），脂质代谢（脂肪酸去饱和，类固醇激素，和甘油磷脂的生物合成），并检测了生物合成过程。除此类转录本外，接种后16天还表达了与结合和催化活性相关的基因。离子（K ⁺，Ca 2 ⁺，Fe 2 ⁺，Zn 2 ⁺，Mn ²⁺，Pi，氨），糖和脂质的运输；并发现参与液泡聚磷酸盐积累的那些。共生建立和表现所需的转录组变化知识对于理解AMF共生体在粮食作物营养和健康以及自然生态系统中植物多样性中的功能性作用至关重要。