Gender differences have been described in several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. The effects of gender on cognitive and behavioral manifestations in multiple system atrophy and the changes of cognitive functions over time according to gender have not been investigated so far. Fifty-five patients with a diagnosis of multiple system atrophy underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric battery at baseline and 26 of them could be re-evaluated at 1-year follow-up. At baseline women with multiple system atrophy had poorer global cognitive state and visuo-spatial abilities, and a higher prevalence of depression and apathy than males. At follow-up, female patients deteriorated more than males on attention abilities and motor functions, and had a higher prevalence of depression than men. Executive functions and visuo-spatial abilities significantly worsened over time in both groups. Mild Cognitive Impairment single domain was significantly more frequent in females than males. Cognitive and behavioral differences between genders in multiple system atrophy involve global cognition, planning, attention, visual-perceptive skills, and depression, with female patients more compromised than males. Female patients deteriorated more than men over time as for motor functions and attention. Further longitudinal studies are deserved to confirm gender differences in progression of cognitive and behavioral features of multiple system atrophy.

已经在多种神经退行性疾病中描述了性别差异，例如阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病。性别对多系统萎缩中认知和行为表现的影响以及认知功能随性别随时间的变化尚未得到研究。55 名诊断为多系统萎缩的患者在基线时接受了全面的神经心理学和神经精神病学检查，其中 26 名可以在 1 年随访时重新评估。在基线时，多系统萎缩女性的整体认知状态和视觉空间能力较差，抑郁和冷漠的患病率高于男性。在随访中，女性患者在注意力和运动功能方面的恶化程度高于男性，并且抑郁症的患病率高于男性。随着时间的推移，两组的执行功能和视觉空间能力都显着恶化。轻度认知障碍单域在女性中明显高于男性。多系统萎缩中性别之间的认知和行为差异涉及整体认知、计划、注意力、视觉感知技能和抑郁症，女性患者比男性患者更容易受到损害。随着时间的推移，女性患者在运动功能和注意力方面的恶化程度高于男性。值得进一步的纵向研究来确认多系统萎缩的认知和行为特征进展中的性别差异。轻度认知障碍单域在女性中明显高于男性。多系统萎缩中性别之间的认知和行为差异涉及整体认知、计划、注意力、视觉感知技能和抑郁症，女性患者比男性患者更容易受到损害。随着时间的推移，女性患者在运动功能和注意力方面的恶化程度高于男性。值得进一步的纵向研究来确认多系统萎缩的认知和行为特征进展中的性别差异。轻度认知障碍单域在女性中明显高于男性。多系统萎缩中性别之间的认知和行为差异涉及整体认知、计划、注意力、视觉感知技能和抑郁症，女性患者比男性患者更容易受到损害。随着时间的推移，女性患者在运动功能和注意力方面的恶化程度高于男性。值得进一步的纵向研究来确认多系统萎缩的认知和行为特征进展中的性别差异。随着时间的推移，女性患者在运动功能和注意力方面的恶化程度高于男性。值得进一步的纵向研究来确认多系统萎缩的认知和行为特征进展中的性别差异。随着时间的推移，女性患者在运动功能和注意力方面的恶化程度高于男性。值得进一步的纵向研究来确认多系统萎缩的认知和行为特征进展中的性别差异。