The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of various head injury criteria and associated risk functions in prediction of vulnerable road users (VRUs) severe head injuries caused by ground impact during vehicle collisions. Ten VRU accidents with video information were reconstructed by using Chalmers Pedestrian Model, vehicle multi-body system models and the THUMS (Ver. 4.0.2) finite element model. The head kinematics were used to calculate injury risks for seven head kinematics-based criteria: head angular velocity and acceleration, linear acceleration, head injury criterion (HIC), head impact power (HIP) and two versions of brain injury criterion (i.e., BRIC and BrIC). In addition, the intracranial responses were used to estimate seven tissue injury criteria, Von Mises stress, shear stress, coup pressure (C.P.) and countercoup pressure (CC.P.), maximum principal strain (MPS), cumulative strain damage measure (CSDM), and dilatation damage measure (DDM). A review of the medical reports for all cases indicated that each individual suffered severe head injuries and died. The injury risks predicted through simulations were compared to the head injuries recorded in the medical or forensic reports. The results indicated that 75–100% of the reconstructed ground impact accidents injuries were correctly predicted by angular acceleration, linear acceleration, HIC, C.P., MPS and CSDM_0.15. Shear stress, CC.P. and CSDM_0.25 correctly predicted 50–75% of the reconstructed accidents injuries. For angular velocity, HIP, BRIC and BrIC, the injuries were correctly predicted for less than 50% of the reconstructed accidents. The Von Mises stress and DDM did not correctly predict any reconstructed accidents injuries. The results could help to understand the effectiveness of the brain injury criteria for future head injury evaluation.

这项研究的目的是评估各种头部受伤标准和相关的风险函数在预测车辆碰撞期间地面撞击造成的脆弱道路使用者（VRU）严重头部受伤方面的有效性。通过使用Chalmers行人模型，车辆多体系统模型和THUMS（版本4.0.2）有限元模型，重建了十个带有视频信息的VRU事故。头部运动学用于计算基于七个基于头部运动学的标准的伤害风险：头部角速度和加速度，线性加速度，头部损伤标准（HIC），头部冲击功率（HIP）和两种版本的脑部损伤标准（即BRIC）和BrIC）。此外，颅内反应用于评估七个组织损伤标准，冯·米塞斯应力，切应力，政变压力（CP））和平衡压力（CC.P.），最大主应变（MPS），累积应变破坏度量（CSDM）和膨胀破坏度量（DDM）。对所有病例的医疗报告进行的审查表明，每个人都遭受了严重的头部受伤并死亡。将通过模拟预测的伤害风险与医疗或法医报告中记录的头部伤害进行了比较。结果表明，通过角加速度，线性加速度，HIC，CP，MPS和CSDM可以正确预测75-100％的重建地面撞击事故伤害 将通过模拟预测的伤害风险与医疗或法医报告中记录的头部伤害进行了比较。结果表明，通过角加速度，线性加速度，HIC，CP，MPS和CSDM可以正确预测75-100％的重建地面撞击事故伤害 将通过模拟预测的伤害风险与医疗或法医报告中记录的头部伤害进行了比较。结果表明，通过角加速度，线性加速度，HIC，CP，MPS和CSDM可以正确预测75-100％的重建地面撞击事故伤害_0.15。剪应力，CC.P。CSDM _0.25正确预测了重建事故伤害的50–75％。对于角速度，HIP，BRIC和BrIC，正确预测的伤害少于重建事故的50％。Von Mises的压力和DDM无法正确预测任何重建的事故伤害。该结果可能有助于了解脑损伤标准对未来颅脑损伤评估的有效性。