Gene therapy has broad prospects as an effective treatment for some cancers and hereditary diseases. However, DNA and siRNA are easily degraded in vivo because of their biological activities as macromolecules, and they need the effective transmembrane delivery carrier Selecting the appropriate carrier for delivery will allow nucleic acid molecules to reach their site of action and enhance delivery efficiency. Currently used nucleic acid delivery vectors can be divided into two major categories: viral and non-viral vectors. Viral carrier transport efficiency is high, but there are safety issues. Non-viral vectors have attracted attention because of their advantages such as low immunogenicity, easy production, and non-tumorigenicity. The construction of safe, effective, and controllable vectors is the focus of current gene therapy research. This review presents the current types of nucleic acid delivery vehicles, which focuses on comparing their respective advantages and limitations, and proposes a novel delivery system, RNTs, a novel nanomolecular material, introducing the characteristics and nucleic acid delivery process of RNTs and their latest applications.

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基因治疗用核酸传递载体的研究进展

基因疗法作为治疗某些癌症和遗传性疾病的有效方法具有广阔的前景。但是，DNA和siRNA在体内容易降解由于它们作为大分子具有生物活性，因此需要有效的跨膜输送载体。选择合适的输送载体将使核酸分子到达其作用部位并提高输送效率。当前使用的核酸递送载体可分为两大类：病毒载体和非病毒载体。病毒载体的运输效率很高，但存在安全问题。非病毒载体由于其免疫原性低，易于生产和非致瘤性等优点而备受关注。安全，有效和可控制的载体的构建是当前基因疗法研究的重点。这篇评论介绍了核酸输送工具的当前类型，重点是比较它们各自的优点和局限性，