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Forests and foragers: exploitation of wood resources by Mesolithic and para-Neolithic societies in north-eastern Poland
Vegetation History and Archaeobotany ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-07 , DOI: 10.1007/s00334-020-00778-y
Agnieszka Wacnik , Witold Gumiński , Katarzyna Cywa , Karolina Bugajska

Newly acquired palaeobotanical data, including pollen, charred and uncharred wood, provided an exhaustive overview of the temporal changes in woodlands, which changes are due to the cumulative effect of natural processes and the long-term impact of pre-agrarian societies. We used the unique advantage of the peat bog archaeological site at Szczepanki located on an island in the former Lake Staświn (Masurian Lake District) to get an overview of wood exploitation throughout the Stone Age. Special attention was paid to the period of the most intense settlement, the period of the para-Neolithic Zedmar culture. This culture is interesting due to its economy having not been fully recognized so far, especially with respect to the use of plant resources. The evidence from Szczepanki confirmed the use of 16 arboreal taxa, accessible in local woodlands, as a source of timber by foragers. The majority of both unworked wood and fragments bearing traces of processing has been discovered in layers corresponding to the Zedmar period. An important role in the economy was played by wood with medium or low mechanical properties that was however fissile and amenable to woodworking. In addition, other useful properties such as flexibility, lightness, water resistance, strength and ease of splitting were favoured in the selection. The temporal distribution of wood remains in cultural layers at Szczepanki was convergent with a pollen record documenting the course of postglacial migration and local growth of particular taxa, as well as with the archaeologically documented changes in the intensity and time frame of the settlement.



中文翻译:

森林和觅食者:波兰东北部的中石器时代和准新石器时代的社会对木材资源的开采

新近采集的古植物学数据,包括花粉,烧焦的和未烧焦的木材,详尽地概述了林地的时空变化,这些变化是自然过程的累积影响和耕地前社会的长期影响所致。我们利用Szczepanki泥炭沼泽考古遗址的独特优势,该遗址位于前Stastawin湖(马苏里安湖区)的一个岛上,以概述整个石器时代的木材开采。特别关注了最激烈的定居时期,即新石器时代的赛德玛文化时期。由于至今尚未完全认识到其经济,特别是在植物资源利用方面,这种文化很有趣。什切潘基(Szczepanki)的证据证实使用了16种树木类群,可在当地林地找到,作为觅食者的木材来源。大部分未加工的木材和带有加工痕迹的碎片都在与赛德玛时期相对应的层中被发现。具有中等或低机械性能的木材在经济中起着重要作用,但是易裂变并且适合木工。另外,在选择中还喜欢其他有用的性质,例如柔韧性,轻度,耐水性,强度和易碎性。什切潘基(Szczepanki)文化层中木材残留物的时间分布与花粉记录趋同,该花粉记录记录了冰川后迁移和特定分类群的局部生长过程,并且考古记录了定居点的强度和时间框架的变化。大部分未加工的木材和带有加工痕迹的碎片都在与赛德玛时期相对应的层中被发现。具有中等或低机械性能的木材在经济中起着重要作用,但是易裂变并且适合木工。另外,在选择中还喜欢其他有用的性质,例如柔韧性,轻度,耐水性,强度和易碎性。什切潘基(Szczepanki)文化层中木材残留物的时间分布与花粉记录趋同,该花粉记录记录了冰川后迁移和特定分类群的局部生长过程,并且考古记录了定居点的强度和时间框架的变化。大部分未加工的木材和带有加工痕迹的碎片都在与赛德玛时期相对应的层中被发现。具有中等或低机械性能的木材在经济中起着重要作用,但是易裂变并且适合木工。另外,在选择中还喜欢其他有用的性质,例如柔韧性,轻度,耐水性,强度和易碎性。什切潘基(Szczepanki)文化层中木材残留物的时间分布与花粉记录趋同,该花粉记录记录了冰川后迁徙和特定类群的局部生长过程,并且考古记录了定居点的强度和时间框架的变化。具有中等或低机械性能的木材在经济中起着重要作用,但是易裂变并且适合木工。另外,在选择中还喜欢其他有用的性质,例如柔韧性,轻度,耐水性,强度和易碎性。什切潘基(Szczepanki)文化层中木材残留物的时间分布与花粉记录趋同,该花粉记录记录了冰川后迁移和特定分类群的局部生长过程,并且考古记录了定居点的强度和时间框架的变化。具有中等或低机械性能的木材在经济中起着重要作用,但是易裂变并且适合木工。另外,在选择中还喜欢其他有用的性质,例如柔韧性,轻度,耐水性,强度和易碎性。什切潘基(Szczepanki)文化层中木材残留物的时间分布与花粉记录趋同,该花粉记录记录了冰川后迁移和特定分类群的局部生长过程,并且考古记录了定居点的强度和时间框架的变化。强度和易碎性在选择中受到青睐。什切潘基(Szczepanki)文化层中木材残留物的时间分布与花粉记录趋同,该花粉记录记录了冰川后迁移和特定分类群的局部生长过程,并且考古记录了定居点的强度和时间框架的变化。强度和易碎性在选择中受到青睐。什切潘基(Szczepanki)文化层中木材残留物的时间分布与花粉记录趋同,该花粉记录记录了冰川后迁移和特定分类群的局部生长过程,并且考古记录了定居点的强度和时间框架的变化。

更新日期:2020-04-22
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