Urban green space can help mitigate the negative impacts of urban living and provide positive effects on citizens’ mood, health and well-being. Questions remain, however, as to whether all types of green space are equally beneficial, and if not, what landscape forms or key features optimise the desired benefits. For example, it has been cited that urban landscapes rich in wildlife (high biodiversity) may promote more positive emotions and enhance well-being. This research utilised a mobile phone App, employed to assess people’s emotions when they entered any one of 945 green spaces within the city of Sheffield, UK. Emotional responses were correlated to key traits of the individual green spaces, including levels of biodiversity the participant perceived around them. For a subsample of these green spaces, actual levels of biodiversity were assessed through avian and habitat surveys. Results demonstrated strong correlations between levels of avian biodiversity within a green space and human emotional response to that space. Respondents reported being happier in sites with greater avian biodiversity (p < 0.01, r = 0.78) and a greater variety of habitats (p < 0.02, r = 0.72). Relationships were strengthened when emotions were linked to perceptions of overall biodiversity (p < 0.001, r = 0.89). So, when participants thought the site was wildlife rich, they reported more positive emotions, even when actual avian biodiversity levels were not necessarily enhanced. The data strengthens the arguments that nature enhances well-being through positive affect, and that increased ‘engagement with nature’ may help support human health within urban environments. The results have strong implications for city planning with respect to the design, management and use of city green spaces.

中文翻译：

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野兽在哪里！具有更大鸟类生物多样性的城市绿地是否能促进人类更多积极的情绪？

城市绿地可以帮助减轻城市生活的负面影响，并为公民的心情，健康和福祉带来积极影响。然而，关于所有类型的绿色空间是否都同样有益，以及如果不是这样的话，什么样的景观形式或关键特征可以优化所需的利益，仍然存在疑问。例如，有人指出，野生动植物丰富（高生物多样性）的城市景观可能会促进更加积极的情绪并增进幸福感。这项研究使用了手机应用程序，该应用程序用于评估人们进入英国谢菲尔德市内945个绿色空间中的任何一个时的情绪。情绪反应与各个绿色空间的关键特征相关，包括参与者在其周围感知到的生物多样性水平。对于这些绿色空间的子样本，通过鸟类和栖息地调查评估了生物多样性的实际水平。结果表明，绿色空间中禽类生物多样性水平与人类对该空间的情绪反应之间存在强烈的相关性。受访者表示，他们在鸟类生物多样性更高的地区更加开心（p  <0.01，r  = 0.78）和更多的栖息地（p  <0.02，r  = 0.72）。当情感与对整体生物多样性的认识相关时，关系得到了加强（p  <0.001，r  = 0.89）。因此，当参与者认为该地点富含野生动植物时，他们报告了更多的积极情绪，即使实际的禽类生物多样性水平不一定得到提高。数据强化了这样的论点，即大自然通过积极的影响增强幸福感，而增加的“与自然的互动”可能有助于在城市环境中支持人类健康。这些结果对于城市绿地的设计，管理和使用对城市规划具有重要的意义。