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Evolutionary significance of the ring-like plastid nucleus in the primitive red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae as revealed by drying
Protoplasma ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-05 , DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01496-y
Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa 1 , Mio Ohnuma 2 , Yuuta Imoto 3 , Fumi Yagisawa 4 , Osami Misumi 5 , Noriko Nagata 1 , Haruko Kuroiwa 1
Affiliation  

Primary plastids originated from a free-living cyanobacterial ancestor and possess their own genomes—probably a few DNA copies. These genomes, which are organized in centrally located plastid nuclei (CN-type pt-nuclei), are produced from preexisting plastids by binary division. Ancestral algae with a CN-type pt-nucleus diverged and evolved into two basal eukaryotic lineages: red algae with circular (CL-type) pt-nuclei and green algae with scattered small (SN-type) pt-nuclei. Although the molecular dynamics of pt-nuclei in green algae and plants are now being analyzed, the process of the conversion of the original algae with a CN-type pt-nucleus to red algae with a CL-type one has not been studied. Here, we show that the CN-type pt-nucleus in the primitive red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae can be changed to the CL-type by application of drying to produce slight cell swelling. This result implies that CN-type pt-nuclei are produced by compact packing of CL-type ones, which suggests that a C. merolae–like alga was the original progenitor of the red algal lineage. We also observed that the CL-type pt-nucleus has a chain-linked bead-like structure. Each bead is most likely a small unit of DNA, similar to CL-type pt-nuclei in brown algae. Our results thus suggest a C. merolae–like alga as the candidate for the secondary endosymbiont of brown algae.

中文翻译:

干燥揭示原始红藻Cyanidioschyzon merolae环状质体核的进化意义

初级质体起源于自由生活的蓝藻祖先,并拥有自己的基因组——可能有几个 DNA 拷贝。这些基因组组织在位于中心的质体核(CN 型 pt 核)中,是通过二元分裂从预先存在的质体中产生的。具有 CN 型 pt 核的祖先藻类分化并进化成两个基础真核谱系:具有圆形(CL 型)pt 核的红藻和具有分散的小(SN 型)pt 核的绿藻。尽管现在正在分析绿藻和植物中 pt 核的分子动力学,但尚未研究将具有 CN 型 pt 核的原始藻类转化为具有 CL 型的红藻的过程。这里,我们表明,原始红藻 Cyanidioschyzon merolae 中的 CN 型 pt 核可以通过干燥产生轻微的细胞膨胀而转变为 CL 型。该结果意味着 CN 型 pt 核是由 CL 型核的紧密堆积产生的,这表明 C. merolae 样藻类是红藻谱系的原始祖先。我们还观察到 CL 型 pt 核具有链式连接珠状结构。每个珠子很可能是一个小的 DNA 单元,类似于褐藻中的 CL 型 pt 核。因此,我们的结果表明,一种类似 C. merolae 的藻类是褐藻次级内共生体的候选者。merolae-like alga 是红藻谱系的原始祖先。我们还观察到 CL 型 pt 核具有链式连接珠状结构。每个珠子很可能是一个小的 DNA 单元,类似于褐藻中的 CL 型 pt 核。因此,我们的结果表明,一种类似 C. merolae 的藻类是褐藻次级内共生体的候选者。merolae-like alga 是红藻谱系的原始祖先。我们还观察到 CL 型 pt 核具有链式连接珠状结构。每个珠子很可能是一个小的 DNA 单元,类似于褐藻中的 CL 型 pt 核。因此,我们的结果表明,一种类似 C. merolae 的藻类是褐藻次级内共生体的候选者。
更新日期:2020-03-05
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