Leishmaniasis is a disease complex caused by 20 species of protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania. In humans, it has two main clinical forms, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and cutaneous or tegumentary leishmaniasis (CL), as well as several other cutaneous manifestations in a minority of cases. In the mammalian host Leishmania parasites infect different populations of macrophages where they multiply and survive in the phagolysosomal compartment. The progression of both VL and CL depends on the maintenance of a parasite-specific immunosuppressive state based around this host macrophage infection. The complexity and variation of immune responses and immunopathology in humans and the different host interactions of the different Leishmania species has an impact upon the effectiveness of vaccines, diagnostics and drugs.

中文翻译：

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利什曼病免疫病理学——对疫苗、诊断试剂和药物设计和使用的影响。

利什曼病是一种由属于利什曼原虫属的 20 种原生动物寄生虫引起的复杂疾病。在人类中，它有两种主要的临床形式，即内脏利什曼病 (VL) 和皮肤或皮肤利什曼病 (CL)，以及少数病例中的其他几种皮肤表现。在哺乳动物宿主中，利什曼原虫寄生虫感染不同的巨噬细胞群，在那里它们在吞噬溶酶体隔室中繁殖和存活。VL 和 CL 的进展取决于基于宿主巨噬细胞感染的寄生虫特异性免疫抑制状态的维持。人类免疫反应和免疫病理学的复杂性和变异性以及不同利什曼原虫的不同宿主相互作用物种对疫苗、诊断和药物的有效性有影响。