The Insight-Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (Insight-HXMT) is a broadband X-ray and γ-ray (1-3000 keV) astronomy satellite. One of its three main telescopes is the High Energy X-ray telescope (HE). The main detector plane of HE comprises 18 NaI(Tl)/CsI(Na) phoswich detectors, where NaI(Tl) is used as the primary detector to measure ~ 20–250 keV photons incident from the field of view (FOV) defined by collimators, and CsI(Na) is used as the active shielding detector to NaI(Tl) by pulse shape discrimination. Additionally, CsI(Na) is used as an omnidirectional γ-ray monitor. The HE collimators have a diverse FOV, i.e. 1.1°×5.7° (15 units), 5.7°×5.7° (2 units), and blocked (1 unit). Therefore, the combined FOV of HE is approximately 5.7°×5.7°. Each HE detector has a diameter of 190 mm resulting in a total geometrical area of approximately 5100 cm², and the energy resolution is ~15% at 60 keV. For each recorded X-ray event by HE, the timing accuracy is less than 10 μs and the dead-time is less than 10 μs. HE is used for observing spectra and temporal variability of X-ray sources in the 20–250 keV band either by pointing observations for known sources or scanning observations to unveil new sources. Additionally, HE is used for monitoring the γ-ray burst in 0.2-3 MeV band. This paper not only presents the design and performance of HE instruments but also reports results of the on-ground calibration experiments.

中文翻译：

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Insight -HXMT天文学卫星上的高能X射线望远镜（HE）

该洞察-硬X射线调制望远镜（洞察-HXMT）是宽带X射线和γ射线（1-3000 keV）天文卫星。它的三架主要望远镜之一是高能X射线望远镜（HE）。HE的主要检测器平面包括18个NaI（Tl）/ CsI（Na）荧光检测器，其中NaI（Tl）被用作主要检测器，用于测量约20–250 keV的从视场（FOV）定义的入射光子通过脉冲形状判别，将CsI（Na）用作NaI（Tl）的有源屏蔽检测器。另外，CsI（Na）用作全向γ射线监视器。HE准直器具有不同的FOV，即1.1°×5.7°（15个单位），5.7°×5.7°（2个单位）和封闭式（1个单位）。因此，HE的组合FOV约为5.7°×5.7°。每个HE检测器的直径均为190 mm，因此总几何面积约为5100 cm ²，在60 keV时，能量分辨率约为15％。对于HE记录的每个X射线事件，计时精度均小于10μs，空载时间小于10μs。HE用于观察20-250 keV波段的X射线源的光谱和时间变化，方法是指向已知源进行观测或扫描观测以揭示新源。另外，HE用于监测0.2-3 MeV波段的γ射线猝发。本文不仅介绍了HE仪器的设计和性能，而且还报告了地面校准实验的结果。