Echinodorus grandiflorus is a semiaquatic plant native to Brazil and belongs to the Alismataceae family. Infusion preparations of the leaves of this plant are often used due to its diuretic, blood pressure lowering, and anti-inflammatory properties. Our aim was to investigate the effects of chronic treatment with the crude hydroalcoholic extract of E. grandiflorus on central and peripheral microvascular changes induced in a model of hypertension and diabetes. The hemodynamic and microvascular effects of E. grandiflorus extract (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day for 28 days) or the isolated major diterpene from E. grandiflorus (3 to 10 mg/kg i. v.) were evaluated in spontaneously hypertensive rats using tail plethysmography and intravital fluorescence videomicroscopy, respectively, and were compared to vehicle-treated normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats. We also investigated the protective effects of chronic treatment with E. grandiflorus (100 mg/kg/day) in brain capillary density and leukocyte-endothelium interactions on the brain vessels of DM-spontaneously (DM: diabetes mellitus) hypertensive rats. Chronically treating spontaneously hypertensive rats with increasing doses of crude hydroalcoholic E. grandiflorus extract resulted in significant dose-dependent reductions in systolic blood pressure and an anti-inflammatory effect on the brain microcirculation of DM-spontaneously hypertensive rat animals. Using laser speckle contrast imaging, we observed that intravenous administration of the major isolated clerodane diterpene metabolite (1 - 10 mg/kg) increased microvascular blood flow by 25% in spontaneously hypertensive rat skeletal muscle. The results of this study show that E. grandiflorus extracts can be useful in the prevention and reduction of microcirculatory damage in arterial hypertension and other diseases that involve microvascular dysfunction.

中文翻译：

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大花棘豆对心血管疾病的微血管作用

Echinodorus grandiflorus 是一种原产于巴西的半水生植物，属于泽泻科。由于其利尿、降血压和抗炎特性，经常使用这种植物叶子的输液制剂。我们的目的是研究用大花菊苣的粗水醇提取物长期治疗对高血压和糖尿病模型中诱导的中枢和外周微血管变化的影响。在自发性高血压大鼠中评估了大花提取物（50、100 或 200 毫克/千克/天，持续 28 天）或从大花中分离的主要二萜（3 至 10 毫克/千克，静脉注射）的血液动力学和微血管效应分别使用尾部体积描记法和活体荧光视频显微镜，并将其与经媒介物处理的正常血压 Wistar-Kyoto 大鼠进行比较。我们还研究了大花菊苣（100 毫克/千克/天）长期治疗对自发性（DM：糖尿病）高血压大鼠脑血管的脑毛细血管密度和白细胞-内皮相互作用的保护作用。用增加剂量的粗水醇 E. Grandiflorus 提取物长期治疗自发性高血压大鼠导致收缩压显着剂量依赖性降低，并对 DM-自发性高血压大鼠动物的脑微循环产生抗炎作用。使用激光散斑对比成像，我们观察到主要分离的克罗丹二萜代谢物 (1 - 10 毫克/千克) 的静脉给药使自发性高血压大鼠骨骼肌的微血管血流量增加了 25%。本研究结果表明，E.