The ability of the fire service to save lives in building fires has a profound impact on planning. However, very little empirical data are available on how different factors affect this capability—or even how many that are rescued annually. The current paper aims to partly fill this gap with an assessment of all rescues performed by the fire departments in Sweden during 2017. A combination of incident reports and a large number of post-event interviews yielded a total of 51 rescues (to be compared to 88 fatalities) during that year, which show that the fire service has a great potential to reduce the number of fire fatalities. In these cases, the call to the dispatcher most frequently came from a neighbor (55%) or the victim (26%). The rescue was in 71% of the cases performed with interior attack with a breathing apparatus. The cases were also compared with fatal fires revealing that the odds of successful rescue increased, for example, if the fire occurred in an apartment building or if the response time was short. The joint data set of rescues and fatal fires was used to develop a methodology to calculate the probability of successful rescue depending on the capability of the fire service. This methodology provides the first fully empirical method for organizing the fire service in relation to saving lives in fires. A similar approach should be pursued for other accident types and consolidated for an evidence based assessment of the capability of the fire service.

中文翻译：

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衡量瑞典消防部门在住宅火灾中挽救生命的能力

消防部门在建筑物火灾中拯救生命的能力对规划产生深远的影响。然而，关于不同因素如何影响这种能力——甚至每年获救的人数——的经验数据很少。本论文旨在通过评估瑞典消防部门在 2017 年进行的所有救援行动来部分填补这一空白。 事件报告和大量事后采访相结合，共进行了 51 次救援（与88 人死亡），这表明消防部门在减少火灾死亡人数方面具有巨大潜力。在这些情况下，对调度员的呼叫最常来自邻居 (55%) 或受害者 (26%)。在使用呼吸器进行内攻的情况下，有 71% 的病例进行了救援。这些案例还与致命火灾进行了比较，表明成功救援的几率增加，例如，如果火灾发生在公寓楼或响应时间很短。救援和致命火灾的联合数据集用于开发一种方法，根据消防服务的能力计算成功救援的概率。这种方法提供了第一个完全经验的方法来组织消防服务，以挽救火灾中的生命。应对其他事故类型采取类似的方法，并整合以对消防服务能力进行循证评估。救援和致命火灾的联合数据集用于开发一种方法，根据消防服务的能力计算成功救援的概率。这种方法提供了第一个完全经验的方法来组织消防服务，以挽救火灾中的生命。应对其他事故类型采取类似的方法，并整合以对消防服务能力进行循证评估。救援和致命火灾的联合数据集用于开发一种方法，根据消防服务的能力计算成功救援的概率。这种方法提供了第一个完全经验的方法来组织消防服务，以挽救火灾中的生命。应对其他事故类型采取类似的方法，并整合以对消防服务能力进行循证评估。