Purpose of the Review

Freshwater wetlands are found in various climatic zones ranging from tropics to tundra, and their roles from groundwater recharge and flood control to water quality management and biodiversity protection are well recognized. Phosphorus (P) is a limiting nutrient for algal growth in freshwater systems, including wetlands. Various physico-chemical and biological characteristics of wetlands regulate cycles of nutrients such as P. Thus, estimating internal loading of P in wetlands would be crucial in the formulation of effective P management strategies in the wetland systems. This review and limnological data presented may offer needed knowledge/evidence for the effective control of P inputs in wetlands and provide insights on possible ways for interventions in controlling eutrophication and saving the ecosystem from collapse.

Recent Findings

Various ways of P losses such as agriculture, urbanization, etc., to the water bodies have severely impacted water quality of wetlands by altering physical and chemical nature of the P compounds and release bound P to the water columns. Studies indicate that P sorption–desorption dynamic, mineralization, and enzymatic hydrolysis of P in freshwater wetlands’ soils/sediments are crucial in causing internal loading or sink of P in wetland systems. Thus, extensive studies on abovementioned arenas are crucial to restore natural freshwater wetlands or to increase the efficiency of constructed wetlands in retaining P.

Summary

In general, researchers have elucidated significant amounts of limnological data to understand eutrophication processes in freshwater wetlands; however, studies on the interactions of P stability and hydro-climatic changes are not well understood. Such changes could significantly influence localized limnology/microenvironments and exacerbate internal P loading in freshwater wetlands; thus, studies in such direction deserve the attention of scientific communities.

中文翻译：

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淡水湿地中磷的内部负荷估算

审查目的

从热带到苔原，在各个气候区都有淡水湿地，从地下水补给和防洪到水质管理和生物多样性保护的作用都得到了公认。磷（P）是藻类在淡水系统（包括湿地）中生长的限制养分。湿地的各种理化和生物学特性调节着诸如P等养分的循环。因此，估算湿地中P的内部负荷对于在湿地系统中制定有效的P管理策略至关重要。提出的这份综述和植物学数据可能为有效控制湿地中的磷输入提供必要的知识/证据，并提供有关控制富营养化和保护生态系统免于崩溃的干预措施的见解。

最近的发现

通过改变P化合物的物理和化学性质并将结合的P释放到水柱中，各种P损失（如农业，城市化等）对水体的影响严重影响了湿地的水质。研究表明，磷在淡水湿地土壤/沉积物中的吸附，解吸动态，矿化和酶促水解对于在湿地系统中引起内部装载或吸收磷至关重要。因此，对上述领域的广泛研究对于恢复天然淡水湿地或提高人工湿地保留磷的效率至关重要。

概要

总的来说，研究人员已经阐明了大量的湖泊学数据，以了解淡水湿地的富营养化过程。但是，关于磷稳定性和水文气候变化相互作用的研究还不太清楚。这种变化可能会严重影响局部的湖泊学/微环境，并加剧淡水湿地内部的磷负荷；因此，这一方向的研究值得科学界的关注。