This review summarizes the features of cold shock domain (CSD) proteins in the context of their interactions with nucleic acids and describes similarities and differences in the structure of cold shock proteins of prokaryotes and CSD proteins of eukaryotes with special emphasis on the functions related to the RNA/DNA-binding ability of these proteins. The mechanisms and specificity of their interaction with nucleic acids in relation to the growing complexity of protein domain structure are described, as well as various complexes of the mammalian Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) with nucleic acids (filaments, globules, toroids). The role of particular amino acid residues in the binding of nitrogenous bases and the sugar-phosphate backbone of nucleic acids is emphasized. The data on the nucleic acid sequences recognized by the Y-box binding proteins are systematized. Post-translational modifications of YB-1, especially its phosphorylation, affect the recognition of specific sequences in the promoter regions of various groups of genes by YB-1 protein. The data on the interaction of Lin28 protein with let-7 miRNAs are summarized. The features of the domain structure of plant CSD proteins and their effect on the interaction with nucleic acids are discussed.

中文翻译：

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冷休克域蛋白质：结构和与核酸的相互作用

这篇综述总结了冷休克结构域 (CSD) 蛋白与核酸相互作用的特征，并描述了原核生物冷休克蛋白和真核生物 CSD 蛋白结构的异同，特别强调了与核酸相关的功能。这些蛋白质的 RNA/DNA 结合能力。描述了它们与核酸相互作用的机制和特异性与蛋白质结构域结构日益复杂的关系，以及哺乳动物 Y 盒结合蛋白 1 (YB-1) 与核酸（丝状体、小球、环形）。强调了特定氨基酸残基在结合含氮碱基和核酸的糖-磷酸骨架中的作用。Y-box结合蛋白识别的核酸序列数据被系统化。YB-1 的翻译后修饰，尤其是其磷酸化，影响 YB-1 蛋白对各组基因启动子区特定序列的识别。总结了 Lin28 蛋白与 let-7 miRNA 相互作用的数据。讨论了植物 CSD 蛋白域结构的特征及其对与核酸相互作用的影响。