Abstract This paper presents ACCESS, an agent-based model for exploring job accessibility inequalities among different social groups. ACCESS allows for investigation on the impact of public transport and land use policies on the residential location of the working population and their accessibility to job opportunities. ACCESS can be adapted to different realities, allowing to represent societies with diverse socioeconomic disparities. A utility function composed of job accessibility and neighborhood status is maximized by agents during the residential location choice process. The model outputs include Lorenz curves considering the accessibility dimension, as well as Gini metrics to support the analysis of interventions impacts on accessibility inequalities. An empirical case study is performed on the municipality of Sao Paulo, which is characterized by high levels of inequality. Five experiments were simulated considering three different socio-occupational groups. The first experiment includes (i) new public mass rail transport lines, and the other four experiments consider the new transport infrastructure from the first experiment and add (ii) new social housing location strategies; (iii) new job locations; (iv) new jobs and different social housing supplies and location strategies; and (v) provision of social housing based on a government housing program. The results show that ACCESS allowed the residential location of different social status groups to be depicted with a high correlation to the observed situation. Regarding the case study, the results indicate that only having interventions on transport system is insufficient to provide a significant change in terms of inequality. Better results that impact inequality are reached with public mass rail transport interventions associated with land use policies with different social housing and job location programs.

中文翻译：

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ACCESS：一种基于代理的模型，用于探索工作可及性不平等

摘要 本文提出了 ACCESS，一种基于代理的模型，用于探索不同社会群体之间的工作可及性不平等。ACCESS 允许调查公共交通和土地使用政策对工作人口居住地及其获得工作机会的影响。ACCESS 可以适应不同的现实，允许代表具有不同社会经济差异的社会。在住宅区位选择过程中，代理人最大化了由工作可及性和邻里状态组成的效用函数。模型输出包括考虑可及性维度的洛伦兹曲线，以及支持分析干预措施对可及性不平等的影响的基尼指标。对圣保罗市进行了实证案例研究，其特点是高度不平等。考虑到三个不同的社会职业群体，模拟了五个实验。第一个实验包括 (i) 新的公共公共轨道交通线路，其他四个实验考虑了第一个实验中的新交通基础设施，并添加 (ii) 新的社会住房选址策略；(iii) 新的工作地点；(iv) 新工作和不同的社会住房供应和选址策略；(v) 根据政府住房计划提供社会住房。结果表明，ACCESS 允许以与观察到的情况高度相关的方式描绘不同社会地位群体的居住位置。关于案例研究，结果表明，仅对交通系统进行干预不足以显着改变不平等。通过与不同社会住房和工作地点计划的土地使用政策相关的公共轨道交通干预措施，可以取得更好的结果，影响不平等。