Abstract The revolution in mobility-sharing services brings disruptive changes to the transportation landscape around the globe. The authorities often rush to regulate the services without a good knowledge of these new options. In Singapore and some other cities, dockless bike-sharing systems rose and fell in just one year and were followed by the booming of docking scooter-sharing systems. This study conducts a comparative analysis of bike-sharing and scooter-sharing activities in Singapore to help understand the phenomenon and inform policy-making. Based on the collected data (i.e., origin-destination pairs enriched with the departure and arrival time and the GPS locations) for one month, this study proposed methods to construct the paths and estimated repositioning trips and the fleet sizes. Hence, the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of the two systems in two discrete urban areas was investigated. It explored the impact of the fleet size, operational regulations (dockless versus docking), and weather conditions on the usages. We found that shared scooters have spatially compact and quantitatively denser distribution compared with shared bikes, and their high demands associate with places such as attractions, metros, and the dormitory. Results suggest that scooter sharing has a better performance than bike sharing in terms of the increased sharing frequency and decreased fleet size; however, the shareability still has potential to be improved. High repositioning rates of shared-scooters indicates high maintenance cost for rebalancing and charging. Rainfall and high temperatures at noon suppress the usages but not conclusively. The study also proposes several initiatives to promote the sustainable development of scooter-sharing services.

中文翻译：

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理解共享单车和共享滑板车出行的时空异质性

摘要 移动共享服务的革命给全球交通格局带来了颠覆性的变化。当局经常在对这些新选项不甚了解的情况下急于规范服务。在新加坡和其他一些城市，无桩共享单车系统在短短一年内起起落落，紧随其后的是对接共享单车系统的蓬勃发展。本研究对新加坡的自行车共享和踏板车共享活动进行了比较分析，以帮助了解这一现象并为政策制定提供信息。基于一个月收集的数据（即出发地和到达时间以及 GPS 位置丰富的起点-目的地对），本研究提出了构建路径和估计重新定位行程和车队规模的方法。因此，研究了两个离散城市区域中两个系统的时空异质性。它探讨了车队规模、运营规定（无停靠与停靠）和天气条件对使用的影响。我们发现，与共享单车相比，共享滑板车在空间上更紧凑，在数量上分布更密集，其高需求与景点、地铁和宿舍等场所相关。结果表明，就共享频率的增加和车队规模的减少而言，共享踏板车的性能优于共享单车；但是，共享性仍有提升的空间。共享滑板车的高重新定位率表明重新平衡和充电的维护成本高。中午的降雨和高温抑制了使用量，但不是决定性的。