Background

Dengue is an arboviral disease caused by dengue virus. Symptomatic dengue infection causes a wide range of clinical manifestations, from mild dengue fever (DF) to potentially fatal disease, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). We conducted a literature review to analyze the risks of DHF and current perspectives for DHF prevention and control.

Methods

According to the PRISMA guidelines, the references were selected from PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar database using search strings containing a combination of terms that included dengue hemorrhagic fever, pathogenesis, prevention and control. Quality of references were evaluated by independent reviewers.

Results

DHF was first reported in the Philippines in 1953 and further transmitted to the countries in the region of South-East Asia and Western Pacific. Plasma leakages is the main pathophysiological hallmark that distinguishes DHF from DF. Severe plasma leakage can result in hypovolemic shock. Various factors are thought to impact disease presentation and severity. Virus virulence, preexisting dengue antibodies, immune dysregulation, lipid change and host genetic susceptibility are factors reported to be correlated with the development of DHF. However, the exact reasons and mechanisms that triggers DHF remains controversial. Currently, no specific drugs and licensed vaccines are available to treat dengue disease in any of its clinical presentations.

Conclusion

This study concludes that antibody-dependent enhancement, cytokine dysregulation and variation of lipid profiles are correlated with DHF occurrence. Prompt diagnosis, appropriate treatment, active and continuous surveillance of cases and vectors are the essential determinants for dengue prevention and control.

中文翻译：

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登革出血热——对当前发病机制、预防和控制观点的系统文献综述。

背景

登革热是一种由登革热病毒引起的虫媒病毒病。有症状的登革热感染会引起广泛的临床表现，从轻度登革热 (DF) 到可能致命的疾病，如登革出血热 (DHF) 或登革休克综合征 (DSS)。我们进行了文献综述以分析 DHF 的风险和 DHF 预防和控制的当前前景。

方法

根据 PRISMA 指南，使用包含登革出血热、发病机制、预防和控制等术语组合的搜索字符串从 PubMed、Web of Science 和 Google Scholar 数据库中选择参考文献。参考文献的质量由独立审查员评估。

结果

DHF 于 1953 年在菲律宾首次报道，并进一步传播到东南亚和西太平洋地区的国家。血浆渗漏是区分 DHF 和 DF 的主要病理生理标志。严重的血浆泄漏会导致低血容量性休克。各种因素被认为会影响疾病的表现和严重程度。病毒毒力、预先存在的登革热抗体、免疫失调、脂质变化和宿主遗传易感性是据报道与 DHF 发展相关的因素。然而，触发 DHF 的确切原因和机制仍有争议。目前，没有任何特定药物和许可疫苗可用于治疗任何临床表现的登革热。

结论

该研究得出结论，抗体依赖性增强、细胞因子失调和脂质谱的变化与 DHF 的发生相关。及时诊断、适当治疗、积极和持续监测病例和媒介是登革热预防和控制的重要决定因素。